1920년대 북경지역의 흥사단원과 민족운동

Abstract

This paper examines the national movements of Heungsadan members, including An Chang-ho, who was active in Beijing in the 1920s. I reviewed the activities of the Heungsadan, the Tianjin Branch, the Beijing Danso, and the Heungsadan, which were active in the Beijing area, and the activities of the Grand Independence Party. When Ahn Chang-ho came to Tianjin in mid-1922 to hold a national representative meeting, Pyeongan-do figures Kim Wi-taek, Joo Hyun-chik, and Park Il-kyung, who led the Korean residents' group in Tianjin, joined the Heungsadan. They organized the Tianjin Branch of Heungsadan. The branch manager of the Tianjin branch was Kim Wi-taek, the general affairs and finance department was Joo Hyun-chik, and the executive secretary was Park Il-kyung. After the National Assembly meeting, Ahn Chang-ho, Ahn Jung-geun, and Kim Seung-man established the Haejun farm in the western city of Beijing in early 1924. In addition, Heungsadan Beijing Division area was organized. The Heungsadan members in Beijing were mostly Christians and international students from the northwest of Korea. From 1924 to mid-1926, Heungsadan members in Beijing engaged in the development of national ability, instead of carrying out a direct independence movement with the Provisional Government, the Uiyeoldan, and other independence movement organizations. They wanted to prepare for the independence movement by fostering character and physical strength. They wanted to cultivate character through exercise, cultivation of knowledge, moral discipline, and strenuous training, and to build economic ability through the operation of the Haejun farm. On the other hand, they promoted the spirit of independence, accepted anarchism to create a benevolent community. They have expressed anti-communism and anti-Soviet Russia ideas. This politalcal doctrine of Heungsadan members in Beijing was attacked by the Beijing Creative People. They were criticized as a right-wing opportunist by the revolutionary group centered on the Irkutsk faction of the Communist Party of Korea. By September 1926, They were criticized by the Korea Regeneration Alliance as a suffrage activist and a self-governing activist, and was misunderstood by the independence movement community. As a way out of this criticism, An Chang-ho, the representative of the Heungsadan Beijing Division, agreed to organize the Great Independence Party Organization Beijing Chromatic Society in September and October 1926, in consultation with Won Se-hoon, a representative of the creative faction. An Chang-ho, Lee-Tak, Kim Gwang-cheon, Park Kwan-hae, Bae In-su, and others, who were members of the Heungsadan in Beijing, held several meetings with representatives of Beijing from October 10 to 28, 1926. Afterwards, Ahn Chang-ho went to Gilim, Manchuria, in January 1927 and criticized the suffrage activist and the self-governing activist through a lecture, stressing that the independence movement was the only way for independence among the Joseon people. After this, he attempted to achieve a grand unity of independence movement forces. Though the formation of the Grand Independence Party became difficult due to the departure of socialist forces, Ahn Chang-ho and Heungsadan members formed the Korean Independence Party in Shanghai in January 1930. This article identified the independence movement of Heungsadan members in Beijing, centered on An Chang-ho, in the mid-1920s, and the trend of opposition forces against it. This will also help us understand the background of the participation in the formation of the Great Independence Party Organization Beijing Chokseonghoe(the Beijing Promotion Association of the Great Independence Organization) of Heungsadan Group in Beijing in 1926.