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코로나바이러스감염증-19(SARS-CoV-2 감염증)의 임상 양상과 치료

Clinical Features and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] Infection)

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주제분류이비인후과학

초록

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lasted for over 10 months. During the pandemic, clinical experience of COVID-19 has been accumulated and numerous researches have performed for better understanding of COVID-19. This review provides current evidence regarding transmission, clinical manifestation and management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly spread through respiratory transmission during close contact and presymptomatic transmission is a major contributor to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Many studies demonstrated that wearing a mask, both in health care settings and in the community, can markedly reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and imaging findings of COVID-19 are usually overlap with other infections. Approximately one fifth of patients with COVID-19 experience severe manifestation and 5% of patients need intensive care. Respiratory supportive care is one of most important treatment for COVID-19, because necessitating intensive care of patients with COVID-19 is usually due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. So far, two drugs were proved significant therapeutic effects; remdesivir improves time to recovery from 15 to 11 days and dexamethasone reduces 28-day mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen compared with usual care. Until an effective therapeutics and vaccines are available, masks and social distancing are the best ways to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID-19.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lasted for over 10 months. During the pandemic, clinical experience of COVID-19 has been accumulated and numerous researches have performed for better understanding of COVID-19. This review provides current evidence regarding transmission, clinical manifestation and management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly spread through respiratory transmission during close contact and presymptomatic transmission is a major contributor to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Many studies demonstrated that wearing a mask, both in health care settings and in the community, can markedly reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and imaging findings of COVID-19 are usually overlap with other infections. Approximately one fifth of patients with COVID-19 experience severe manifestation and 5% of patients need intensive care. Respiratory supportive care is one of most important treatment for COVID-19, because necessitating intensive care of patients with COVID-19 is usually due to hypoxemic respiratory failure. So far, two drugs were proved significant therapeutic effects; remdesivir improves time to recovery from 15 to 11 days and dexamethasone reduces 28-day mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen compared with usual care. Until an effective therapeutics and vaccines are available, masks and social distancing are the best ways to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID-19.

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