인종위기의 리듬: 아이스 큐브의 갱스터 랩 <Black Korea>
Rhythm of Racial Crisis: Ice Cube’s Gangster Rap “Black Korea”
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본 논문은 로스앤젤레스에서 활동한 갱스터 래퍼 아이스 큐브가 1991년 10월에 발표한 곡 <Black Korea>에 의해 로스앤젤레스의 한흑관계가 악화 되었던 과정을 검토하고자 한다. 이와 동시에 본 논문은 아이스 큐브의 노래에 분노한 한인들의 집단적 대응에 대해서도 살펴볼 것이다. 음악적으로 보면, <Black Korea>가 실려 있는 아이스 큐브의 앨범 <<Death Certificate>>는 그가 동료 래퍼들보다 높은 수준의 랩 실력을 갖췄다는 사실을 보여주었다. 하지만 <Black Korea>의 가사는 노골적으로 한인 이민자 상인들을 위협하는 내용으로 채워졌다. 짧고 논란이 많았던 이 노래에 대응하기 위해 로스앤젤레스 한인 커뮤니티는 정치적 힘을 발휘하고자 했다. 또한 이러한 대립과는 별개로 흑인과 한인 사이의 관계를 개선하기 위한 노력도 진행되었다. 그러나 두순자 사건 재판은 두 커뮤니티 사이에 화해의 다리를 놓으려는 모든 노력을 무너뜨렸다. 그 결과 1991년 겨울부터 이듬해 초봄까지 로스앤젤레스에서 한인을 대상으로 한 폭력 및 혐오 관련 사건은 급격히 증가하고 말았다.
Abstract
This essay examines the processes through which the release of “Black Korea” in October, 1991 by Los Angeles-based gangster rapper Ice Cube exacerbated black-Korean relations in Los Angeles. It also presents an overview of collective actions of Korean Americans against the song. Musically speaking, Ice Cube’s album Death Certificate which included a track titled “Black Korea” showed that he had reached a higher level of rapping skill than his peers. However, the lyrics of “Black Korea” explicitly threatened Korean immigrant merchants. To respond to this short and highly controversial song, Korean American community in Los Angeles sought to exert political muscle. Apart from such confrontations, there were also efforts to improve the relations between blacks and Koreans. But, the case of Soon Ja Du undermined every effort to construct a bridge between the two communities. As a result, the winter of 1991-1992 witnessed a sharp increase in violent, hate-related incidents against Korean immigrants in Los Angeles.
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