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비행청소년의 재범억제와 재범예방을 위한 인지행동치료(CBT)와 웃음치료(LT)의 효과성 연구

A Study on Effectiveness Comparison between Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT) and Laughter Therapy(LT) for Deterring and Preventing the Recidivism of Juvenile Offenders

이수정|류창현
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2010.03|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제1권 제1호|pp. 77-108

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참고문헌

키워드

인지행동치료(CBT)웃음치료(LT)생존분석(survival analysis사건사분석(事件史分析))자기분노조절(Self Anger Management)

초록

본 연구의 주요 목적은 90명의 비행청소년(소년수용자)들을 대상으로 실시된 선행연구인 “비행청소년의 분노조절과 분노감소를 위한 웃음치료(LT)와 인지행동치료(CBT)의 효과 비교”(류창현, 이수정, 2009)에 대한 종적연구로써, 처우집단들 간에 따른 효과성과 범제억제에 관해 살펴보고자 생명표방법(life-table method)과 36개월(3년) 기간 동안의 재범율과 생존율을 추적조사하기 위해 생존분석(survival analysis, 사건사분석(事件史分析))을 활용해 검증하는 것이다. 또한 개별적 처우집단 프로그램 이후 재범에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해서 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 인지행동치료(CBT)와 웃음치료(LT)의 처우에 따른 실제적․효과적 재범억제와 재범예방에 직접적․간접적인 영향을 미치는 주요한 분노특성에 관여한 귀인요인들과 자기분노조절(Self Anger Management), 자기통제치료(Self Control Therapy), 자기교시훈련(Self-Instructional Training), 자기코칭기술(Self-Coaching Skills), 자기교시긍정심리치료(Self-Instructional Positive Psychotherapy) 등을 토대로 분노통제와 분노감소에 따른 재범억제와 재범예방에 대한 통합적 심리치료의 함의(含意)와 처우모델의 적합도를 살펴보았다. 치료집단 프로그램에 따른 재범율을 분석하기 위해 전체 대상자 82명을 36개월(3년) 기간 동안의 추적조사를 실시하였다. 대상자 82명들 중 천안소년교도소에서 형기가 만료 되지 않은 13명의 복역자(인지행동치료집단 5명, 웃음치료집단 8명)들을 제외시킨 대상자 69명을 추적조회를 실시하였다. 추적조사결과, 총 69명의 대상 중 17명(24.6%)이 재범을 하였으며, 52명(75.4%)은 생존하였다. 개별적 치료집단 프로그램에 따른 추적조사결과를 자세히 살펴보면, 인지행동치료집단은 대상자 38명 중, 재범자 6명(15.8%)과 생존자 32명(84.2%)을 나타났으며, 반면에 웃음치료집단은 대상자 31명 중, 재범자 11명(35.5%)과 생존자 20명(64.5%)을 보이고 있으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다(p = .059). 즉, 인지행동치료집단과 웃음치료집단의 단순 생존율은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 비행청소년의 재범억제와 재범예방을 위한 보다 효과적․실용적인 통합적․절충적 심리치료개입과 처우집단 프로그램에 대한 시사점, 본 연구의 임상적 의의와 제한점과 더불어 후속연구에 대한 방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to develop and examine effectiveness comparison between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and laughter therapy (LT) for deterring juvenile offenders as a fellow-up study of Chan-Hyun Ryu and Soo-Jung Lee's “Comparison of laughter therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on anger reduction and management institutionalized juvenile delinquents (2009).” While there's been a growing accumulation of longitudinal studies by using the life-table method in survival analysis and logistic regression analysis to identify cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a particularly effective intervention for reducing and deterring the recidivism of juvenile offenders with anger management programs, including self anger management, self control therapy, self-instructional training, self-coaching skills, and self-instructional positive psychotherapy, there's been dearth of clinical trials on the therapeutic effects of laughter therapy (LT) in these areas of research. Hence, the specific aim of this clinical trial was to compare the differential therapeutic effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and laughter therapy (LT) on recidivism deterrence and prevention of juvenile delinquents in a 3-year (36 months) follow-up study. 69 delinquent male participants (mean age 20.12 yrs) were traced to be a recidivism rate of 24.6% (n=17) and a survival rate of 75.4% (n=52). Specifically, the positive effects of best practice of the CBT group (n=38) on a recidivism rate of 15.8% (n=6) and a survival rate of 84.2% (n=32) compared to the LT group (n=31) on a recidivism rate of 35.5% (n=11) and a survival rate of 64.5% (n=20) were shown (p = .059). In addition, the mere survival rates between the CBT group and the LT group represented no difference. The following implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with the suggestions for future studies as well.

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