의약품 및 개인위생·생활용품 중 보존제 함유량 분석
Determination of Preservatives in Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
4
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: Preservatives are commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other products to extend theexpiration date and prevent the growth of microorganisms. Preservatives are generally effective in controllingmold and inhibiting yeast growth, and against a wide range of bacterial attacks as well. They also adverselyaffect the quality of sperm and cause precocious puberty in children. This study was performed to analyze sevenpreservatives used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Methods: Five kinds of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were examined for analysis witha high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. Each sample was homogenized and the targetedcompounds were extracted with methanol. The suspended particulate was removed by syringe filter. Next, thesample was injected into an HPLC system. The separation of the seven preservatives was achieved with a C18column and gradient mode. The accuracies were between 73% and 120% and precision was lower than 11.58%(RSD). Results: All of the calibration curves showed good linearity with a coefficient of determination (r2) over 0.999. Among the PPCP samples, the detection rate of preservatives was 32.5% for pharmaceuticals, 44.8% fortoothpaste, 76.9% for mouthwash, 40.0% for body lotion and 56.0% for wet tissues. The average concentrationsof the preservatives in PPCPs were BA 1141.0 mg/kg, MP 709.8 mg/kg, EP 624.9 mg/kg, PP 216.9 mg/kg, BP167.8 mg/kg, and TCS 538.2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personalcare products were BA, MP and PP. The concentrations of preservatives exceeded Korean regulatory standardsin 11 samples of medicines, three of mouthwash and two of body lotion. Conclusion: We found that most of the PPCP samples contained various preservatives. It is necessary to identifywhich preservatives were used and to determine the level of preservatives in PPCPs and to assess the health riskto susceptible populations such as children.
Abstract
Objectives: Preservatives are commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other products to extend theexpiration date and prevent the growth of microorganisms. Preservatives are generally effective in controllingmold and inhibiting yeast growth, and against a wide range of bacterial attacks as well. They also adverselyaffect the quality of sperm and cause precocious puberty in children. This study was performed to analyze sevenpreservatives used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Methods: Five kinds of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were examined for analysis witha high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. Each sample was homogenized and the targetedcompounds were extracted with methanol. The suspended particulate was removed by syringe filter. Next, thesample was injected into an HPLC system. The separation of the seven preservatives was achieved with a C18column and gradient mode. The accuracies were between 73% and 120% and precision was lower than 11.58%(RSD). Results: All of the calibration curves showed good linearity with a coefficient of determination (r2) over 0.999. Among the PPCP samples, the detection rate of preservatives was 32.5% for pharmaceuticals, 44.8% fortoothpaste, 76.9% for mouthwash, 40.0% for body lotion and 56.0% for wet tissues. The average concentrationsof the preservatives in PPCPs were BA 1141.0 mg/kg, MP 709.8 mg/kg, EP 624.9 mg/kg, PP 216.9 mg/kg, BP167.8 mg/kg, and TCS 538.2 mg/kg. The most frequently detected preservatives in pharmaceuticals and personalcare products were BA, MP and PP. The concentrations of preservatives exceeded Korean regulatory standardsin 11 samples of medicines, three of mouthwash and two of body lotion. Conclusion: We found that most of the PPCP samples contained various preservatives. It is necessary to identifywhich preservatives were used and to determine the level of preservatives in PPCPs and to assess the health riskto susceptible populations such as children.
참고문헌 (20)
- Optimization Plan of Use Standard for Preservatives, "Lee YM", KFDA, 1~82 (2008)
- Flores M, "Deterioration of raw materials and cosmetic products by preservative resistant microorganisms", International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 40(2-4), pp.157~160 (1997)
- Soni MG, "Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens)", Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43, pp.985~1015 (2005)
- Techakriengkrai I, "Analysis of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in Thai rice wines and distillates by solid-phase sorbent extraction and highperformance liquid chromatography", Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20, pp.220~225 (2007)
- Judson R, "The Toxicity Data Landscape for Environmental Chemicals", Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(5) (2009)
- Terasaki M, "Acute toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by-products with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri bioassays", Journal of Applied Toxicology, 29(3), pp.242~247 (2009)
- Sezgintürk MK, "Detection of Benzoic Acid by an Amperometric Inhibitor Biosensor Based on Mushroom Tissue Homogenate", Food Technology and Biotechnology, 43(4), pp.329~334 (2005)
- Tfouni SAV, "Determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in Brazilian food", Food Control, 13(2), pp.117~123 (2001)
- Martins I, "Determination of parabens in shampoo using high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection on a borondoped diamond electrode", Talanta, 85(1), pp.1~7 (2011)
- Taxvig C, "Do Parabens Have the Ability to Interfere with Steroidogenesis? Toxicological sciences : an official", Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 106(1), pp.206~219 (2008)
- Alam MS, "Single administration of butylparaben induces spermatogenic cellapoptosis in prepubertal rats", Acta Histochemica, 116(3), pp.474~480 (2014)
- "Triclosan:What Consumers Should Know"[URL]
- 박성표, "치은 섬유모세포에서 Triclosan에 의한 Prostaglandin E2 합성 억제", Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science, 34(2), pp.345~356 (2004), 대한치주과학회
- Choi NJ., "A Survey on the safety of cosmetics", Korea consumer agency, 12, pp.50~71 (2002)
- Huang HY, "Comparing micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products", Journal of Chromatography A, 993(1-2), pp.153~164 (2003)
- 유용재, "액체크로마토그래피를 이용한 13종 화장품 보존제 성분의 동시분석 및 모니터링", 석사, 수의학과 수의예방학전공, pp.2013
- 정상미, "구강 청정제 중 보존제의 동시 분석법 확립과 사용실태에 관한 연구", 디지털융복합연구, 10(6), pp.331~339 (2012), 한국디지털정책학회[DOI]
- WHO, "Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26", World Health Organization, 14~26 (2000)
- Liao C, "Concentrations and composition profiles of parabens in currency bills and paper products including sanitary wipes", Sci Total Environ, 475, pp.8~15 (2012)