멕시코 원주민의 자치(autonomía)를 위한 운동: 사빠띠스따운동을 중심으로
The Indigenous Movement for Autonomy in Mexico: Focused on the Zapatista Movement
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이 논문은 사빠띠스따운동을 중심으로 오늘날 원주민의 자치운동의 의미가 무엇인지 이 운동이 종래의 원주민 자치운동과 어떤 연관성이 있는지를 검토하고자 한다. 사빠띠스따의 자치운동은 RAP과 ANIIPA 운동의 연장선상에 있다. 하지만 사빠띠스따의 자치운동은 시간이 흐르면서 좀 더 배타적이 되었고, 특히 2003년 이후에는 사빠띠스따 자치지역을 중심으로 자치를 실현했다. 궁극적으로 사빠띠스따들이 꿈꾸는 것은 “하나의 세계” 안에 “또 다른 세계”들이 공존하는 세상이다. 멕시코 정부는 원주민의 세상을 의미하는 이러한 “또 다른 세계”를 인정하지 않았다. 그것을 인정하는 것은 바로 500여 년 간 계속되어 온 식민성을 거부하는 것이었기 때문이다. 따라서 사빠띠스따들의 자치 운동이 갖는 가장 큰 의미는 1994년 이후 비약적으로 발전한 원주민의 자치운동을 계승하여 원주민의 자치를 지역 차원에서 실현하고 유지하면서 종래의 식민적 지배질서를 철저히 거부하는 것으로 발전해나갔다는 점이다.
Abstract
This article tries to analyse the meaning of the indigenous movement for autonomy focused on the Zapatista movement. At first, the Zapatista struggle was an extension of RAP and ANIPA movement. However, the Zapatista movement became to take an cold attitude toward government over time. After 2003, the Zapatistas accomplished an autonomy through autonomous programs in Zapatista autonomous zone. Eventually the aim of Zapatistas was to bring about the world where various worlds coexist. But, Mexican government didn’t acknowledge “el otro mundo” like the indigenous world, since it meant to refuse coloniality which had lasted for about five hundred years. Therefore, the Zapatista movement is the indigenous struggle for de-coloniality. The important significance of the Zapatista rebellion is the realization of the indigenous autonomy, succeeding the former indigenous movement and the refusal of the colonial dominant order.
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