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한국 성인의 식이 나트륨칼륨비와 대사증후군의 관련성: 2013-2015 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

The Relationship between Dietary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Using Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015

이심열|이유신
대한임상건강증진학회 (Korean Society For Health Promotion And Disease Prevention)|2020.09|Korean Journal of Health Promotion|제20권 제3호|pp. 116-124

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참고문헌

키워드

대사증후군Metabolic syndrome나트륨PotassiumSodium칼륨나트륨칼륨비Sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na:K)
주제분류기타자연과학

초록

연구배경: 식이 나트륨칼륨비는 나트륨이나 칼륨의 단독섭취보다 심혈관질환과의 연관성이 더 강한 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나트륨과 칼륨의 섭취 균형과심혈관질환의 발생을 증가시키는 대사증후군과의 관련성을살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 2013-2015년 국민건강영양조사의 원시자료를 사용하였고, 최종 대상자는 만 19세 이상 성인 13,164명이었다. 한국인의 연령, 성별에 따른 나트륨, 칼륨의 섭취 및식이 나트륨칼륨비를 조사하고, 나트륨과 칼륨의 적정 섭취비율 1을 기준으로 나트륨과 칼륨의 섭취에 기여하는 식품군을 분석하였으며, 나트륨칼륨비와 대사증후군 및 위험요인과의 관련성은 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 제시하였다. 결과: 한국인의 1일 평균 나트륨 섭취량은 3,976 mg이었고, 칼륨 섭취량은 3,076 mg이었으며, 나트륨칼륨비는 2.33인것으로 조사되었다. 칼륨 섭취에 대한 기여도가 가장 높은식품군은 나트륨칼륨비가 1 미만인 대상자들의 경우 과실류, 1 이상인 경우 채소류인 것으로 나타났다. 나트륨칼륨비가 가장 높은 사분위는 가장 낮은 사분위에 비해 대사증후군에 걸릴 확률이 19% 높았다(P for trend=0.001). 또한 나트륨칼륨비가 증가할수록 혈압 상승과 혈당 상승의 위험도가 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P for trend=0.015와0.012). 결론: 나트륨칼륨비의 증가는 고혈압과 고혈당의 위험과관계가 있으며, 대사증후군의 유병률을 증가시키므로, 한국인의 식사에서 나트륨 섭취 감소와 함께 칼륨 섭취를 증가시켜 나트륨칼륨비를 감소시켜야 한다.

Abstract

Background: The dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na:K) is known to have a stronger association with cardiovascular disease compared with a single intake of sodium or potassium. Accordingly, this study sought to examine the relationship between sodium-potassium intake balance and metabolic syndrome, which increases the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015 were used, and the subjects were 13,164 adults aged 19 years and over. This study examined sodium and potassium intake and Na:K based on Korean adults' age and sex, and analyzed food groups that contribute to adequate sodium and potassium intake based on an Na:K of 1. Correlations between Na:K, metabolic syndrome, and risk factors were examined through a multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Korean adults' average daily intake of sodium was 3,976 mg, while that of potassium was 3,076 mg. Meanwhile, the Na:K was identified to be 2.33. The food group that contributed the most to potassium intake was fruits in subjects whose Na:K was below 1, and vegetables in those whose Na:K was over 1. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile in Na:K was up 19% in the probability that one would suffer from metabolic syndrome (P for trend=0.001). Also, more Na:K led to a significant increase in the risk of elevated blood pressure and elevated blood sugar (P for trend=0.015 and 0.012). Conclusions: A rise in Na:K is related to a risk of hypertension and high blood sugar, and such a rise raises the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome.

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