대표체적요소 기반 해석을 활용한 UAM 복합재 붐 구조 최적설계 연구
A Study on the Optimal Design of UAM Composite Boom Structures through RVE-Based Structural Analysis
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초록
본 연구는 복합재 항공기 구조물의 설계과정에서 대표체적요소(RVE) 기반의 설계 물성치 산정방법을 통한 구조 최적화 설계 가능성을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 기존의 항공기 등 복합재 구조 설계에서는 제조 인자, 열화 영향, 경화 온도, 후 경화 여부 등의 복합재 구조설계 부분 안전계수를 반영하여 보수적 안전계수를 적용함으로써 경량 설계 및 최적화에 한계가 있었다. 또한, 기존 복합재 구조물 설계 물성치를 산정하기 위해서는 실제 복합재 구조물 제조에 적용되는 소재 및 공정을 반영한 라미나 단위의 반복 실험이 요구되며, 원소재, 섬유함유율, 첨가제 등 구성변화에 따라 추가적인 실험이 필요하였다. 본 연구에서는 RVE 기반 해석을 통해 복합재 미시구조 특성(기공률, 섬유함유율)을 반영한 설계 물성치를 산정하여 기존의 해석법과 비교함으로써 최적 설계 가능성을 검토하였다. 해석결과, 기존 해석법은 실제 실험값 대비 10%의 차이를 나타냈지만, RVE 기반 해석은 실험값 대비 4%이내의 차이를 보여 높은 정확성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 도심항공모빌리티(UAM) 붐 구조 설계에 적용한 결과, 기존 알루미늄 합금 대비 40% 이상 경량화가 가능하였고, 충분한 구조적 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 복합재 구조 설계에서 RVE 기반 해석이 개념설계 단계에서 정확한 물성 예측을 가능하게 하는 효과적인 기법임을 시사하며, 복합재 구조물의 성능 최적화와 경량화에 기여할 수 있는 방법임을 보여준다. 이를 통해 RVE 기반 해석은 항공기 및 UAM과 같은 경량 구조물 설계에 폭넓게 응용될 가능성을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of optimal design for composite aircraft structures by calculating material properties for structural design based on a Representative Volume Element (RVE) approach. Traditional composite structure design for aircraft typically requires conservative safety factors due to limited consideration of factors like manufacturing parameters, degradation effects, curing temperature, and post-curing, which restricts lightweight design and optimization. Additionally, calculating the design properties of traditional composite structures required repeated lamina-level experiments that reflect the actual materials and processes used in manufacturing, with further experiments needed for changes in base material, fiber content, and additives. In this study, RVE-based analysis was used to calculate design properties that incorporate composite microstructural characteristics (such as porosity and fiber content), and these results were compared with those from conventional analysis to assess the potential for optimal design. The analysis showed that traditional methods had a 30% deviation from experimental values, while the RVE-based approach achieved a deviation within 4%, demonstrating higher accuracy. Applying this approach to the design of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) boom structures resulted in over 40% weight reduction compared to traditional aluminum alloys while maintaining adequate structural stability. This study suggests that RVE-based analysis is an effective method for predicting properties in the early design stage, contributing to performance optimization and weight reduction. Thus, RVE-based analysis shows potential for broad application in lightweight structure design for aircraft and UAM systems.
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