「직지」의 내용분석을 통한 백운화상의 ‘무심’에 관한 연구

Abstract

This research bibliographically analyzes the development of ‘Musim(無心)’ presented in the first volume of Jikji(「直指」) by observing that ① the first appearance of ‘Munyeom(無念), Musim(無心)’ as in embryo, ② who first introduced the concept of ‘Musim’? ③ when and who helped flourish this concept? and ④ finally, who matured this concept? Major findings are as follows:First, in Chapter 2 ‘Musim presented by Baegun Hwasang(白雲和尙)’, what was ‘Musim’ that Baegun Hwasang had initially comprehended was discussed. Second, in Chapter 3 ‘Munyeom, Musim in Embryo’, it was confirmed that the term ‘Munyeom, Musim’ was first used by Yukjo Hyeneung(六祖慧能) in the late 7th century, and in the early 8th century Hataek Sinhoe(荷澤神會) further specified the concept of ‘Munyeom’Third, in Chapter 4 ‘Sprouting of Musim’, it was documented that the term ‘Musim’ was first used by Namyang Hyechung(南陽慧忠) in the mid-8th century. Fourth, in Chapter 5 ‘Flourishing of Musim’, it was found that 1) in the late 8th century Majo Doil(馬祖道一) had established the concept that the mind was Buddha, and the normal mind(平常心) was truth(道) as well as Musim, 2) in the late 8th century and the early 9th century, ‘Musim’ was established as the method to proceed to truth and Buddha by Bansan Bojeok(盤山普積), and 3) the subject that ‘normal mind was truth’ had been handed down to Namjeon Bowon(南泉普願: 748-835) and Joju Jongsim(趙州從諗: 778-897). Fifth, in Chapter 6 ‘Perfection of Musim’, it was discussed that since the specific method to proceed to ‘Musim’ was presented by Hwangbyeok Heun(黃蘗希運) in the early 9th century, the concept of ‘Musim’ was finally perfected. Therefore it was found that ‘Musimseon(無心禪)’, that is, the meditation based on normal mind, had been refined and perfected through five generations from Yukjo Hyeneung to the period of Hwangbyeok Heun who was his fifth descendent, before the Imje Sect(臨濟宗) was founded. In conclusion, in this research it was confirmed that the concept of ‘Musimseon’ was the core of meditation which had inherited the orthodox of Namjongseon(南宗禪), that is, Yukjoseonbeop(六祖禪法) developed by Hyeneung(慧能).