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경험표집법(experience sampling method; ESM): 이론과 실제

Experience Sampling Method: Theory and Practice

신승윤
한국체육측정평가학회 (Korean Society For Measurement And Evaluation In Physical Education And Sports Science)|2010.12|한국체육측정평가학회지 (The Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports Science)|제12권 제3호|pp. 59-76|DOI 10.21797/ksme.2010.12.3.006

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참고문헌

키워드

memory bias경험표집법self-report회상recall자기보고experience sampling method(ESM)생태학적 순간검사생태학적 타당도기억편파성ecological momentary assessment(EMA)ecological validity

초록

본 연구는 최근 20∼30년간 급격하게 발달한 경험표집법의 발전과정, 장단점, 활용의 실제 등을 살펴보고 체육학분야에의 활용가능성을 살펴보고자 한다. 경험표집법은 자기보고방식이 갖는 회상의 문제, 응답시의 단순화전략의 문제, 일반적인 요약정리 등의 문제를 극복하고 실제 생활 속에서 즉각적인 응답을 요구하는 실제적인 방법으로서 1980년을 전후하여 통신기술의 발전과 함께 등장한 연구방법이다. 경험표집법은 휴대전화와 같은 통신기기를 통해 응답신호가 전달되면 참가자는 즉시 현재의 행위, 환경, 정서 상태 등을 기록하여 응답하는 방법이다. 일반적으로 하루 5∼7회, 1주일 정도 지속적으로 참가한다. 경험표집법의 장점은 상황을 고려한 행위의 분석, 높은 생태학적 타당도, 개인내 변화의 탐구 가능, 기억편파성 감소, 다양한 검사방법의 혼용 가능성 등이며 단점으로는 응답자의 자기선택편파성, 높은 피험자 부담, 문항수의 제한, 복잡한 통계적 분석 기법 등을 들 수가 있다. 현재 경험표집법은 의학, 노인학, 심리학, 마케팅 등 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 통신기술에 대한 의존도가 높은 경험표집법은 통신기술의 발달과 함께 그 기법이 급격하게 발달하고 있는 상태이며 스포츠심리학, 스포츠사회학, 체육교육학, 스포츠마케팅, 나아가 운동생리학 등의 체육학 분야에서도 그 활용성이 높은 것으로 평가된다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to look into the development process, strengths and weaknesses, and the actual application of ESM, which has grown rapidly in the past 20 to 30 years, and discover its practical application in exercise science. ESM is a practical method to overcome the problems (memory, heuristic strategies, global self-report) which self-report held. ESM asks for immediate response in real life situation to the participants. The method came to surface around 1980 along with the development of communications technology. When a response signal is conveyed, the subject responds by recording the instant’s behavior, situation, and mood through communication tools such as cellular phones. It generally takes place 5 to 7 times a day and it lasts for a week consistently. The merits of ESM are behavior analogy based on situation, ecological validity, possibility of inquiry into with in-person change, reduction of memory bias, and the potentiality of blending multiple methods. The demerits are self selection bias, high burden on subjects, the limitation of the number of items, and complicated statistical analysis. Currently, ESM is widely used in fields such as Medicine, Gerontology, Psychology, and Marketing. ESM, which has high reliance on communications technology, is currently rapidly growing along with the development of the communications technology and is expected to have high usage potentiality in Sports psychology, Sports sociology, Sports pedagogy, Sports marketing, and even in Exercise physiology.

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