영조 대 한성지역 동몽교육정책의 전개 과정

Abstract

This study aimed at revealing the policy of dongmong(童蒙) education in Hanseong region during the reign of Yeongjo by dividing it into three periods. The results of the study are as follows. First, in the early years of Yeongjo(1724∼1742), the focus of the policy was on selecting excellent dongmong education officers[童蒙敎官]. What Yeongjo paid attention to was their nonpartisanship in addition to their academic ability. This is because after the division of political parties during the reign of Sukjong, the fathers did not send his children to dongmong education officers. Yeongjo consistently emphasized 'academic scholar[學問之士]' as the criterion of the selection, which meant ‘nonpartisan scholar’ in fact. And as a result, around the 16th year of Yeongjo (1740), all dongmong education officers were recognized as outstanding scholars. Second, in the middle of Yeongjo(1743∼1757), he promoted the policy to normalize Dongmong Yegang(童蒙禮講). The enactment of 「The Rules of Dongmong Yegang [童蒙禮講節目]」 in the 19th year of Yeongjo (1743) was the start. However, the execution rate of Dongmong Yegang was only up to 30%, and it was never implemented after the regency of Crown Prince Sado[思悼世子](1749). Third, in the late years of Yeongjo (1758∼1776), he started the Chinlim Dongmongang(親臨 童蒙講). Chinlim Dongmongang was the unprecedented test in which Yeongjo convened dongmongs and directly examined them. He implemented 38 Chinlim Dongmongangs from 34th year of Yeongjo (1758) to 51st year of Yeongjo (1775) and gradually increased the level of Dongmongang. Raising the test level of the 『Sohak(小學)』, he encouraged the participation of the dongmongs of the elite families. Through these efforts, at the end of Yeongjo, many elite dongmongs went to dongmong education officers, and Dongmong Yegang was normalized. In this respect, it can be said that Chinlim Dongmonggang in the late Yeongjo period was the center of the change.