高句麗 壁畵古墳의 編年에 관한 檢討

Abstract

Koguryo mural tombs can be defined : The type of (Ⅰ-A) is a Dasil-boon(tomb with more than three rooms) with portraits and customs. Anak N. 3 built in 357 can be the standard for the chronicle. It was commonly distributed from the middle of the 4th century to the late 5th century. The type (Ⅲ-A), a Dansil-boon(tomb with one room) with portraits and customs seems to had been built in the near age. The Deokheungri tomb which was built in 408 can be the standard of the type of (Ⅰ-B), (Ⅰ-C), (Ⅱ-A) and (Ⅱ-C). They are DaSil-Boon with portraits, customs and Sashindo and Yisil-boon(tomb with two rooms) with portraits and customs and they had been commonly distributed from the first half to the middle of the 5th century. The type of (Ⅰ-D) and (Ⅱ-B) are Dasil-boon with Sashindo or Yisil-boon with portraits, customs and Sashindo or portraits, customs and decorative patterns. These seem to be built from the middle of the 5th century and the late 5th century. The type of (Ⅲ-C) and (Ⅲ-D) are Dan-sil-boon with portraits, customs and Sashindo or rooms of regressive form and decorative patterns. These are supposed to be built from the middle of the 5th century to the first half of the 6th century. The type of (Ⅲ-E) and (Ⅲ-F) are Dansil-boon with decorative patterns, Sashindo or Dansil-boon with Sashindo. These are supposed to be built from the late 5th century to the first half of the 7th century. Meanwhile, among the stone-filed tombs seven wall-painted tombs can be divided into three forms: type Ⅲ-A, type Ⅲ-B and type Ⅱ-B by the structure. The type Ⅲ-A are Sanseongha No.725, Sanseongha No.798, Woosanha No.3319. The type Ⅲ-B are Sanseongha Jeol-cheon-jeong-myo, Woosanha No.1041, Sanseongha No.1405. The type Ⅱ-B is Sanseongha No.1408. Among these stone-filed tombs Sanseongha Jeol-cheon-jeong-myo, Woosanha No.1041,Woosanha No.3319 have wall paintings which depict portraits and customs and the rest four tombs are also supposed to have wall paintings depicting portraits and customs. Thus these stone-filled tombs are divided into two types: one is YiSil-Boon and has wall paintings of portrait and customs, the other is Dan-sil-boon and has wall paintings of portrait and customs. And It was already mentioned that Woo-san-ha No. 3319 is supposed to be built in 357,so this tomb can be the standard of chronicles of ancient Koguryo tombs. Woosanha No. 3319 is a special type of tomb(Gyedan-jeonsil stone-filled tomb; Stairway stone-filled tomb with blocked room) However, this tombs has some traits which provide that it was built relatively earlier than other tombs: It contains celadon porcelains of East Qin. This means it was influenced by the ancient Chinese culture. Sanseongha No. 798 and 725 have rooms on the route. In other word, this was built in the first half of the 5th century considering that Kyedan-seoksil-jeokseok-chong(Stairway stone-filled tomb with stoned room) did not appear until the late 4th century. Woo-san-ha No. 1041 and Sanseongha No. 1405 and Sanseongha No. 1408 are stairway-shaped and having one room. They are supposed to be built in the middle of the 5th century.