Feasibility study of CdZnTe and CdZnTeSe based high energy X-ray detector using linear accelerator
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
CdZnTeSe (CZTS) has attracted attention for applications in X- and gamma-ray detectors owing to its improved properties compared to those of CdZnTe (CZT). In this study, we grew and processed single crystals of CZT and CZTS using the Bridgeman method to confirm the feasibility of using a dosimeter for high-energy X-rays in radiotherapy. We evaluated their linearity and precision using the coefficient of determination (R2 ) and relative standard deviation (RSD). CZTS showed sufficient RSD values lower than 1.5% of the standard for X-ray dosimetry, whereas CZT's RSD values increased dramatically under some conditions. CZTS exhibited an R2 value of 0.9968 at 500 V/cm, whereas CZT has an R2 value of 0.9373 under the same conditions. The X-ray response of CZTS maintains its pulse shape at various dose rates, and its properties are improved by adding selenium to the CdTe matrix to lower the defect density and sub-grain boundaries. Thus, we validated that CZTS shows a better response than CZT to high-energy Xrays used for radiotherapy. Further, the applicability of an onboard imager, a high-energy X-ray (>6 MV) image, is presented. The proposed methodology and results can guide future advances in X-ray dose detection.
Abstract
CdZnTeSe (CZTS) has attracted attention for applications in X- and gamma-ray detectors owing to its improved properties compared to those of CdZnTe (CZT). In this study, we grew and processed single crystals of CZT and CZTS using the Bridgeman method to confirm the feasibility of using a dosimeter for high-energy X-rays in radiotherapy. We evaluated their linearity and precision using the coefficient of determination (R2 ) and relative standard deviation (RSD). CZTS showed sufficient RSD values lower than 1.5% of the standard for X-ray dosimetry, whereas CZT's RSD values increased dramatically under some conditions. CZTS exhibited an R2 value of 0.9968 at 500 V/cm, whereas CZT has an R2 value of 0.9373 under the same conditions. The X-ray response of CZTS maintains its pulse shape at various dose rates, and its properties are improved by adding selenium to the CdTe matrix to lower the defect density and sub-grain boundaries. Thus, we validated that CZTS shows a better response than CZT to high-energy Xrays used for radiotherapy. Further, the applicability of an onboard imager, a high-energy X-ray (>6 MV) image, is presented. The proposed methodology and results can guide future advances in X-ray dose detection.
참고문헌 (27)
- J. H. Kim, "3D star shot analysis using MAGAT gel dosimeter for integrated imaging and radiation isocenter verification of MR-Linac system", J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys, 23, pp.e13615~ (2022)
- M. Ciocca, "Real-time in vivo dosimetry using micro-MOSFET detectors during intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer", Radiother. Oncol, 78, pp.213~216 (2006)
- T. E. Schlesinger, "Semiconductors and semimetals semiconductors for room temperature nuclear detector applications", Semicond, Semimetals, 43, pp.240~ (1995)
- S. D. Sordo, "Progress in the development of CdTe and CdZnTe semiconductor radiation detectors for astrophysical and medical applications", Sensors, 9(5), pp.3491~3526 (2009)
- S. Watanabe, "The Si", CdTe semiconductor Compton camera of the ASTRO-H soft gamma-ray detector(SGD), 2014, pp.765, 192~201
- K. Iniewski, "CZT detector technology for medical imaging", J. Instrum, 9(11), pp.C11001~ (2014)
- F. Glasser, "CdZnTe high-energy radiography detector", Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B NUCL INSTRUM METH A, 458, pp.544~550 (2001)
- J. Byun, "Development and evaluation of photon-counting Cd0.875Zn0.125Te0.98Se0.02 detector for measuring bone mineral density", Phys. Eng. Sci. Med, pp.1~9 (2023)
- B. Park, "Bandgap engineering of Cd1-xZnxTe1-ySey (0< x< 0.27, 0< y< 0.026", Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B NUCL INSTRUM METH A, 1036, pp.166836~ (2022)
- U. N. Roy, "Advances in CdZnTeSe for radiation detector applications", Radiation, 1(2), pp.123~130 (2021)
- S. Hwang, "Anomalous Te inclusion size and distribution in CdZnTeSe", IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci, 66(11), pp.2329~2332 (2019)
- U. N. Roy, "Role of selenium addition to CdZnTe matrix for roomtemperature radiation detector applications", Sci. Rep, 9(1), pp.1620~ (2019)
- O. Zelaya-Angel, "On the bowing parameter in Cd1- x ZnxTe", J. Appl. Phys, 95(11), pp.6284~6288 (2004)
- S. K. Chaudhuri, "Correlation of space charge limited current and g-ray response of CdxZn1-xTe1-ySey roomtemperature radiation detectors", IEEE Electron. Device Lett, 41(9), pp.1336~1339 (2020)
- S. K. Chaudhuri, "Charge transport properties in CdZnTeSe semiconductor room-temperature g-ray detectors", J. Appl. Phys, 127(24), pp.245706~ (2020)
- U. N. Roy, "Evaluation of CdZnTeSe as a high-quality gamma-ray spectroscopic material with better compositional homogeneity and reduced defects", Sci. Rep, 9(1), pp.7303~ (2019)
- U. N. Roy, "Performance study of virtual frisch grid CdZnTeSe detectors", Instruments, 6(4), pp.69~ (2022)
- 변장원, "Growth and characterization of detector-grade CdMnTeSe", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 54(11), pp.4215~4219 (2022), 한국원자력학회[DOI]
- 박범준, "Effectiveness of parylene coating on CdZnTe surface after optimal passivation", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 54(12), pp.4693~4697 (2022), 한국원자력학회[DOI]
- "Energy Spectra of Varian Linacs" (2012)[URL]
- "X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients" (2004)[URL]
- C. K. Mandal, "Characterization of lowdefect Cd0. 9Zn0. 1Te and CdTe crystals for high-performance frisch collar detectors", IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci, 54(4), pp.802~806 (2007)
- S. U. Egarievwe, "Detection and electrical properties of Cd 1exZn xTe detectors at elevated temperatures", J. X Ray Sci. Technol, 6(4), pp.309~315 (1996)
- 양승우, "전자선 치료 분야의 선량 측정을 위한 반도체 화합물의 적용가능성 연구", 한국방사선학회논문지, 14(1), pp.1~6 (2020), 한국방사선학회[DOI]
- L. A. R. da Rosa, "Reproducibility study of TLD-100 microcubes at radiotherapy dose level", Appl. Radiat. Isot, 50(3), pp.573~577 (1999)
- Y. J. Heo, "Development of a stable and sensitive semiconductor detector by using a mixture of lead(II)iodide and lead monoxide for NDT radiation dose detection", J. Instrum, 13(3), pp.C03023~ (2018)
- 박범준, "Passivation effect on large volume CdZnTe crystals", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 54(12), pp.4620~4624 (2022), 한국원자력학회[DOI]