본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Guidelines for EFL Lesson Planning: A Context-Sensitive Task-based Approach

2

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류영어와문학

초록

The aim of this study is to provide guidelines for the EFL teachers who try to implement a task-based approach in their classroom. To that end, the study first provides the theoretical background to help them understand what a task-based approach is and what is necessary to have it implemented in the EFL classroom, including discussions on language input,materials/activities, formal instruction, homework, and evaluation. The study then provides guidelines for lesson planning to implement the task-based approach as a supplement to the traditional way of teaching in the EFL classroom. Finally, the study presents a sample lesson plan for a high school EFL class. The basic assumption made in the study is that the teachers seek to teach their classes communicatively despite the various constraints they face in the EFL classroom. The argument made in the study is that any successful implementation of a new approach must take the contextual factors into consideration and task-based language teaching is no exception. Even though the guidelines provided in the study are far from being exhaustive, it is hoped that they can contribute to the development of EFL teachers’ insight into effective lesson planning to develop the communicative language ability in their students.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide guidelines for the EFL teachers who try to implement a task-based approach in their classroom. To that end, the study first provides the theoretical background to help them understand what a task-based approach is and what is necessary to have it implemented in the EFL classroom, including discussions on language input,materials/activities, formal instruction, homework, and evaluation. The study then provides guidelines for lesson planning to implement the task-based approach as a supplement to the traditional way of teaching in the EFL classroom. Finally, the study presents a sample lesson plan for a high school EFL class. The basic assumption made in the study is that the teachers seek to teach their classes communicatively despite the various constraints they face in the EFL classroom. The argument made in the study is that any successful implementation of a new approach must take the contextual factors into consideration and task-based language teaching is no exception. Even though the guidelines provided in the study are far from being exhaustive, it is hoped that they can contribute to the development of EFL teachers’ insight into effective lesson planning to develop the communicative language ability in their students.

참고문헌 (65)

  1. Bax, S., "The end of CLT : A context approach to language learning", ELT Journal, 57(3), pp.278~287 (2004)
  2. Butler, Y., "Comparative perspectives towards communicative activities among elementary school teachers in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan", Language Teaching Research, 9, pp.423~446 (2005)
  3. Bygate, M., "Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching, and testing" (2001), Longman
  4. Carless, D. R., "Implementing task-based learning with young learners", ELT Journal, 56(4), pp.389~396 (2002)
  5. Carless, D. R., "Factors in the implementation of task-based teaching in primary schools", System, 31, pp.485~500 (2003)
  6. Carless, D. R., "The suitability of task-based approaches for secondary schools : Perspectives from Hong Kong", System, 35, pp.595~608 (2007)
  7. Celce-Murcia, M., "Grammar pedagogy in second and foreign language teaching", TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), pp.459~480 (1991)
  8. Celce-Murcia, M., "Direct approaches in L2 instruction: A turing point in communicative language teaching?", TESOL Quarterly, 31(1), pp.141~152 (1997)
  9. Chun, Eunsil, "Effects of Text Types and Tasks on Korean College Students' Reading Comprehension", 영어교육, 59(2), pp.75~100 (2004), 한국영어교육학회
  10. Crawford, J., "The role of materials in the language classroom: Finding the balance, In Methodology in Language Teaching", pp.80~91 (2002), Cambridge University Press
  11. Cullen, R., "Teacher talk and the classroom context", ELT Journal, 52(3), pp.179~187 (1998)
  12. Darling-Hammond, L., "A Good teacher in every classroom" (2005), Jossey-Bass
  13. Day, R. R., "A critical look at authentic materials", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 1(1), pp.101~114 (2004)
  14. Doughty, C., "Second language instruction does make a difference", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, pp.431~469 (1991)
  15. Ellis, R., "Task-based language learning and teaching" (2003), Oxford University Press
  16. Ellis, R., "Designing a task-based syllabus", RELC, 34(1), pp.64~81 (2003)
  17. Ellis, R., "Task-based language teaching : Sorting out the misunderstandings", International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 19(3), pp.221~246 (2009)
  18. Foster, P., "Task-based language learning research: Expecting too much or too little?", International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(3), pp.247~263 (2009)
  19. Fotos, S., "Shifting the focus from forms to form in the EFL classroom", ELT Journal, 52(4), pp.301~307 (1998)
  20. Fotos, S., "Structure-based interactive tasks for the EFL grammar learner, In New perspectives on grammar teaching in second language classroom", pp.135~154 (2002), Lawrence Erlbaum
  21. Gass, S., "Task-based interactions in classroom and laboratory settings", Language Learning, 55(4), pp.575~611 (2005)
  22. 한종임, "듣기과제 유형이 영어학습자의 학문목적듣기텍스트 이해 및 표출하기에 미치는 영향", Foreign Languages Education, 18(3), pp.105~131 (2011), 한국외국어교육학회
  23. Heyes, D., "Non-native English-speaking teachers, context and English language teaching", System, 37(1), pp.1~11 (2009)
  24. Hu, G., "Contextual influences on instructional practices : A Chinese case for an ecological approach to ELT", TESOL Quarterly, 39(4), pp.635~660 (2005)
  25. Jeon, In-Jae, "An Analysis of Task-based Materials and Performance: Focused on Korean High School English Textbooks", 영어교육, 60(2), pp.87~109 (2005), 한국영어교육학회
  26. 조정순, "L2 Reading Strategies Reconsidered: Variation in Strategy Use as a Function of Task Type and Elicitation Device", 영어교육, 67(1), pp.3~28 (2012), 한국영어교육학회
  27. Johnson, K., "From communicative activity to task : A short but significant journey", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 1(1), pp.185~195 (2004)
  28. 김성애, "An Analysis of the Multiple-Choice Test Items Constructed by Middle School English Teachers", 응용언어학, 25(2), pp.143~169 (2009), 한국응용언어학회
  29. 고미숙, "Effects of Learning Conditions and Task Types on EFL Learning of Grammatical Rules", Foreign Languages Education, 13(3), pp.51~77 (2006), 한국외국어교육학회
  30. Kumaravadivelu, B., "TESOL methods : Changing tracks, challenging trends", TESOL Quarterly, 40(1), pp.59~81 (2006)
  31. Lee, J. F., "Tasks and communicating in language classrooms" (2000), McGraw Hill
  32. 이몽주, "The Effect of L1 on Task-based Foreign Language Learning of Korean Learners", Foreign Languages Education, 13(2), pp.257~282 (2006), 한국외국어교육학회
  33. Lee, Seung-Min, "The Pros and Cons of Task-based Instruction in Elementary English Classes", 영어교육, 60(2), pp.185~205 (2005), 한국영어교육학회
  34. Li, D., "It’s always more difficult than you planned : Teachers’ perceived difficulties in introducing the communicative approach in South Korea", TESOL Quarterly, 32(4), pp.677~703 (1998)
  35. Littlewood, W., "The task-based approach : Some questions and suggestions", ELT Journal, 58(4), pp.319~326 (2004)
  36. Long, M., "Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology, In Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective", pp.39~52 (1991), John Benjamins
  37. Long, M. H, "Focus on form: Theory, research and practice, In Focus on form", pp.15~41 (1998), Cambridge University Press
  38. Loschky, L., "Comprehensible input and second language acquisition", SSLA, 16, pp.303~323 (1994)
  39. Mackey, A., "Input, interaction, and second language development", SSLA, 21, pp.557~587 (1999)
  40. Mok, A. H. M., "The missing element of national pedagogic reform: A critical analysis of the task-based learning English language syllabus", Asia Pacific Journal of Teacher Education and Development, 4(2), pp.189~211 (2001)
  41. North, S., "Homework : Re-examining the routine", ELT Journal, 56(2), pp.137~145 (2002)
  42. Nunan, D., "Designing tasks for the communicative classroom" (1989), Cambridge University Press
  43. Nunan, D., "Communicative tasks and the language curriculum", TESOL Quarterly, 25(2), pp.279~295 (1991)
  44. Prabhu, N. S., "Second language pedagogy" (1987), Oxford University Press
  45. Radwan, A. A., "The effectiveness of explicit attention to form in language learning", System, 33, pp.69~87 (2005)
  46. Richards, J. C., "Addressing the grammar gap in task work, In Methodology in language teaching", pp.148~152 (2002), Cambridge University Press
  47. Richards, J. C., "Longman dictionary of applied linguistics" (1985), Longman
  48. Robinson, P., "Task complexity, task difficulty, and task production: Exploring interactions in a componential framework", Applied Linguistics, 22(1), pp.27~57 (2001)
  49. Seedhouse, P., "‘Task’ as research construct", Language Learning, 55(3), pp.533~570 (2005)
  50. Serrano, R., "Analyzing the effect of context of second language learning : Domestic intensive and semi-intensive courses vs. study abroad in Europe", System, 39, pp.133~143 (2011)
  51. Sheen, R., "A critical Analysis of the advocacy of the task-based syllabus", TESOL Quarterly, 28(1), pp.127~151 (1994)
  52. Sheen, R., "Focus on form as a means of improving accurate oral production, In Investigating in instructed second language acquisition", pp.271~310 (2005), Moutin de Gruyter
  53. 신미경, "Effects of Output Tasks on Korean EFL Learners’ Noticing and Learning of English Grammar", Foreign Languages Education, 18(2), pp.127~163 (2011), 한국외국어교육학회
  54. Skehan, P., "A framework for the implementation of task-based instruction", Applied Language Learning, 5, pp.38~62 (1996)
  55. Skehan, P., "Task-based instruction", Language Teaching, 36, pp.1~14 (2003)
  56. Song, Jeong-Weon, "Task-Processing Conditions as Influences on Spoken Language Performance", 영어교육, 60(3), pp.117~137 (2005), 한국영어교육학회
  57. Stern, H. H., "The time factor and compact course development", TESL Canada Journal, 3, pp.12~27 (1985)
  58. Swain, M., "Task-based second language learning : the sues of the first language", Language Teaching Research, 4(3), pp.251~274 (2000)
  59. VanPatten, B., "Explicit instruction and input processing", SSLA, 15, pp.225~243 (1993)
  60. Walker, E., "An analysis of changes in the aims and objectives of the secondary English syllabi (1975-1999), In School curriculum change and development in Hong Kong", pp.227~257 (2000), Hong Kong Institute of Education
  61. Wallinger, L. M., "The role of homework in foreign language learning", Foreign Language Annals, 33(5), pp.484~497 (2000)
  62. Widdowson, H., "Defining issues in English language teaching" (2003), Oxford University Press
  63. Williams, M., "Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach" (1997), Cambridge University Press
  64. Willis, J., "A framework for task-based learning" (1996), Longman
  65. 양미란, "The Effects of Task Difficulty on Learners' Attention to Meaning and Form during Focus-on-Form Instruction", Foreign Languages Education, 15(3), pp.27~52 (2008), 한국외국어교육학회

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)