빈곤여성의 자영창업 효과에 영향을 미치는 영향요인 연구 : 경제적 및 비경제적 효과를 중심으로
A Study on the Factors Affecting the Effects of Self-Employment of Women in Poverty : Focusing on Economical or non-economical Effects
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본 연구는 빈곤여성의 자영창업 효과를 경제적 및 비경제적 효과 중심으로 탐 색적으로 살펴보고자 「한국노동패널」8차년도 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 경제적 측면에서의 효과를 보면, 빈곤여성은 연령이 낮을수록, 자격증이 있을수 록, 기혼일수록, 종업원수가 많을수록, 음식업을 선택했을 경우 소득이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비경제적 측면에서의 효과를 보면, 빈곤여성은 신체적으 로 건강하지 않을수록, 이혼/별거/사별한 여성 자영업자일수록 자영창업을 통해 자신의 현재 상황을 극복하고 보다 나은 상황으로 전환이 가능하다는 기대심리가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 빈곤여성의 자영창업에 대한 평가는 엇갈리고 있다. 실질적인 소득증대를 통해 빈곤 탈출에 기여하고 소득향상 뿐 아니라 독립성을 증진시킨다는 평가와 자영창 업의 소득향상 효과가 다른 전략들에 비해 월등하다는 증거가 없으며 역량강화 효과도 크지 않다는 평가가 공존하고 있다. 그러나 본 연구 결과, 빈곤여성들은 자영창업을 통해 소득증대 효과를 얻고 있으며, 자신이 처한 여러 가지 어려움을 극복하고 보다 나은 상황으로 전환시킬 수 있다는 의지를 갖는 효과도 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 자영창업이 빈곤여성의 탈빈곤에 기여하고 있으며, 소득향상과 같 은 경제적 효과를 높이기 위한 지원뿐만 아니라 사회심리학적 접근들이 함께 제 공되어 나은 미래를 설계할 수 있다는 의지와 비전을 심어주는 것이 병행되어야 함을 보여주고 있다.
Abstract
This study analysed KlLPS 8th wave data to explore the effects of Self-Employment of Women in Poverty, in terms of economical and non-economical effects. Research results demonstrated that major economical effects were age(-), certificate of qualification(+), married(+), employee(+), restaurant business(+). Secondly, it is demonstrated that, in terms of non-economical effects, women in poverty who had health condition(-), divorce/ living separately/bereaved(+) had higher expectation to overcome this situation through Start Business. The evaluations of Self-Employment of women in Poverty vary. One evaluation is that Self-Employment is not only to be non-poverty through income increase, but also to raise independence. Another evaluation is that start business has no empowerment effect as well as no income increase effect. Based on the research analysis, this study could confirm that women in poverty could increase income and had the will to overcome difficulties and to be better through Self-Employment. In accordance, supports for poverty women should be not only economical supports like income increase strategy, but also social-psychological approach(support) that can make them have will and vision for better future. With those supports, Self-Employment can secure economic and non-economic effects.
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