“이 위대하고 진실한 나라”의 벌거벗은 아동 노동과 폭력적 언어: 엘레나 마리아 비라몬테스의 『예수의 발아래』
Bare Child Labor and Violent Language of “This Great and True Country” in Under the Feet of Jesus by Helena Maria Viramontes
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
In terms of Cynthia Enloe’s feminist curiosity and eco-criticism, this paper introduces Helena Maria Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus (1995) which represents the miserable lives of Mexican migrant laborers who wander the affluent farms in California. From the point of view of the omniscient speaker, the novel with five chapters narrates a family of Mexican migrant workers who harvest crops such as cotton, grapes, and oranges in California farms in the 1970s. As an exemplary writer of early Chicano literature, Viramontes urges social awakening to the contradictions between American abundance and the hungry appearance of migrant workers who have been always regarded as cheap consumables. Moreover, this paper focuses on the development process of Estrella from a bilingual translator-child laborer to a Chicana labor activist and new mestiza. Estrella fluent in English and Spanish comes to realize her failure in communicating with white people which entails physical violence. Thus, the paper discusses the inevitability of using violence the novel implies to make the exploited migrant (child) workers visible and heard.
Abstract
In terms of Cynthia Enloe’s feminist curiosity and eco-criticism, this paper introduces Helena Maria Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus (1995) which represents the miserable lives of Mexican migrant laborers who wander the affluent farms in California. From the point of view of the omniscient speaker, the novel with five chapters narrates a family of Mexican migrant workers who harvest crops such as cotton, grapes, and oranges in California farms in the 1970s. As an exemplary writer of early Chicano literature, Viramontes urges social awakening to the contradictions between American abundance and the hungry appearance of migrant workers who have been always regarded as cheap consumables. Moreover, this paper focuses on the development process of Estrella from a bilingual translator-child laborer to a Chicana labor activist and new mestiza. Estrella fluent in English and Spanish comes to realize her failure in communicating with white people which entails physical violence. Thus, the paper discusses the inevitability of using violence the novel implies to make the exploited migrant (child) workers visible and heard.
참고문헌 (26)
- 강연훤, "캘리포니아 농업과 음식정의: 존 스타인벡과 엘레나 마리아 비라몬테스의 환경시민권", 미국소설, 27(2), pp.5~33 (2020), 미국소설학회[DOI]
- 박미선, "글로리아 안잘두아의 교차성 이론: 초기 저작에서 『경계지대", 경계선』까지, 2014, pp.24(1), 95~126[DOI]
- 아감벤, 조르조, "호모 사케르: 주권 권력과 벌거벗은 생명" (2008), 새물결
- 장미야, "미국의 인구문제와 이민정책", 민족연구, (78), pp.4~34 (2021), 사단법인 한국민족연구원[DOI]
- 차희정, "산드라 시스네로스의 『까라메로』와 크리스티나 가르시아의 『쿠바어로 꿈꾸기』에서 그려지는 라틴계 미국여성 되기", 비교문학, (54), pp.133~158 (2011), 한국비교문학회
- Carson, Rachel, "Silent Spring" (1964), Crest Books
- de Anda, Roberto M, "Chicanas & Chicanos in Contemporary Society" (2004), Rowman & Littlefield
- Enloe, Cynthia, "The Curious Feminism: Searching for Women in a New Age of Empire" (2004), U of California P
- Lim, Jeehyun, "Reimagining Citizenship through Bilingualism: The Migrant Bilingual Child in Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus", Women’s Studies Quarterly, 38(1), pp.221~242 (2010)
- Lopez, Dennis, "Ghosts in the Barn: Dead Labor and Capital Accumulation in Helena Maria Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus", Twentieth-Century Literature, 65(4), pp.307~342 (2019)
- Lossada, Alexandra, "Multilingulaism and Wordless Faith in Helena Maria Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus", Studies in American Fiction, 48(1), pp.81~104 (2021)
- Mintz, Sidney W., "Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History" (1986), Penguin
- 사미옥, "Refashioning Paradise in Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus", 문학과 종교, 25(2), pp.207~227 (2020), 한국문학과종교학회
- Vazquez, David James, "Their Bones Kept Them Moving: Latinx Studies, Helena Maria Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus, and the Crosscurrents of Ecocriticism", Contemporary Literature, 58(3), pp.361~391 (2017)
- Verea, Mónica, "Anti-Immigrant and Anti-Mexican Attitudes And Policies during the First 18 Months Of the Trump Administration", Norteamérica, 13(2), pp.197~226 (2018)[DOI]
- Viramontes, Helena Maria, "Under the Feet of Jesus" (1996), Plume Book