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미국 연방민사소송법상 증거개시제도와 판사의 역할 : 관리주의적 판사의 등장과 그것이 소송제도에 미친 영향

Discovery and the Role of a Judge in the US Civil Litigation:the Advent of Managerial Judging and itsConsequences on the Litigation System

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키워드

주제분류법학

초록

1938년 미국은 민사소송제도를 개혁하기 위해서 증거개시제도를 도입하였다. 그러한 증거개시제도가 민사소송제도의 발전에 기여하였지만 다른 한편으로 제도적 남용으로 인한 부작용도 초래하였다. 그러한 문제점에 대응하기 위해서 미국의 판사들은 과거와 달리 적극적으로 소송을 관리하는 역할을 수행하였고 그러한 판사의 역할은 ‘관리주의 판사’라는 개념으로 민사소송법에 제도적으로 정착되었다. 그러한 관리주의 판사는 동시에 많은 민사소송에서 재판을 통하지 않고 합의로 소송을 종결하는 결과를 가져왔다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to look into the introduction of discovery and its consequences of the judicial system in the US. In 1938, when Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was enacted, the most revolutionary part was discovery. Discovery was introduced to address to numerous problems of old adversary system. While serving its purpose, discovery also helped parties and judges to end cases through settlement. Addressing the case load of courts, judges actively managed cases to settle. This managerial judging significantly reduced trial in the US courts. Discovery was introduced to reform old adversary system of litigation evolved into managerial judging and eventually contributed to the economic use of judicial resources.

참고문헌 (36)

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