Vietnam’s Journey of Collective Cultural Memory: From Korea’s Saemaul Undong Spirit to Vietnam’s Farmer Club Model and Recent Agricultural Cooperation with Cuba
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Over the past three decades, Vietnam has advanced rural development cooperation with South Korea and Cuba, experimenting with models such as the locally initiated Farmers’ Club in Dong Thap and recent Vietnam–Cuba agricultural collaboration. These experiences illustrate how cultural memory is mobilized as a driving force for rural innovation. This study examines how community-based cultural memory shapes Vietnam’s adaptive trajectory, from learning the Saemaul spirit to creating endogenous models and expanding South-South cooperation. Drawing on Collective Memory Theory and Social Capital Theory, the study demonstrates how external influences are synchronized with Vietnam’s long-standing traditions of village solidarity, trust, and community self-organization. Methodologically, this research adopts a qualitative approach that combines policy and document analysis, an in-depth case study of the Canh Tan Farmers’ Club in Dong Thap, and semi-structured interviews with the Club’s management board and members to understand mechanisms of governance, cultural values, and grassroots participation. Official sources on Vietnam - Cuba agricultural diplomacy complement the analysis. The findings reveal three key insights: (1) Saemaul-inspired initiatives in Vietnam embody both influence and contextual adaptation; (2) the Farmers’ Club represents activated cultural memory that fosters voluntary participation, knowledge sharing, and community-based governance; and (3) Vietnam - Cuba cooperation signals Vietnam’s transition from aid recipient to value-contributing actor through human-centered diplomacy. The study concludes that Vietnam’s rural development pathway is a process of creative localization grounded in cultural memory, enabling the internalization and projection of community values while contributing to sustainable development and inclusive international cooperation.
Abstract
Over the past three decades, Vietnam has advanced rural development cooperation with South Korea and Cuba, experimenting with models such as the locally initiated Farmers’ Club in Dong Thap and recent Vietnam–Cuba agricultural collaboration. These experiences illustrate how cultural memory is mobilized as a driving force for rural innovation. This study examines how community-based cultural memory shapes Vietnam’s adaptive trajectory, from learning the Saemaul spirit to creating endogenous models and expanding South-South cooperation. Drawing on Collective Memory Theory and Social Capital Theory, the study demonstrates how external influences are synchronized with Vietnam’s long-standing traditions of village solidarity, trust, and community self-organization. Methodologically, this research adopts a qualitative approach that combines policy and document analysis, an in-depth case study of the Canh Tan Farmers’ Club in Dong Thap, and semi-structured interviews with the Club’s management board and members to understand mechanisms of governance, cultural values, and grassroots participation. Official sources on Vietnam - Cuba agricultural diplomacy complement the analysis. The findings reveal three key insights: (1) Saemaul-inspired initiatives in Vietnam embody both influence and contextual adaptation; (2) the Farmers’ Club represents activated cultural memory that fosters voluntary participation, knowledge sharing, and community-based governance; and (3) Vietnam - Cuba cooperation signals Vietnam’s transition from aid recipient to value-contributing actor through human-centered diplomacy. The study concludes that Vietnam’s rural development pathway is a process of creative localization grounded in cultural memory, enabling the internalization and projection of community values while contributing to sustainable development and inclusive international cooperation.