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침입생물 연구에 대한 메타개체군 이론의 활용 가능성: 침입 성공을 중심으로

Availability of the metapopulation theory in research of biological invasion: Focusing on the invasion success

홍진솔|송재준|조기종
한국환경생물학회 (Korean Society Of Environmental Biology)|2022.12|환경생물 (Korean Journal of Environmental Biology)|제40권 제4호|pp. 525-549

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참고문헌

키워드

metapopulationintroduced specieseco-evolutionary dynamicsinvasive[1]nesspropagule pressure

초록

개체군은 진화적 단위이자 개체군 통계적 단위로서, 생물학적 침입의 과정은 개체군의 생태적, 진화적 동태에 기인한다. 개체군의 공간구조는 개체군 동태에 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 분산이 반드시 동반되는 생물학적 침입에 대한 연구에서는 공간구조를 고려할 필요가 있다. 메타개체군 이론은 공간구조를 가진 개체군에 대한 대표적인 접근으로, 주로 생태학 및 진화생물학 연구에 활용되고 있다. 메타개체군은 공간적 구조를 가진 개체군의 동의어로 여겨지기도 하지만, 용어의 모호한 사용을 피하기 위해서는 절멸 가능성이 고려되는 경우에 한해 정의되어야 한다는 비판이 있다. 침입 초기 단계의 개체군은 높은 절멸 가능성을 가지는 경우가 많으므로, 메타개체군 이론을 적용하기에 용이하다. 한편, 침입 초기 개체군의 생태적·유전적 특성은 분산의 영향을 크게 받기 때문에, 메타개체군 이론은 개체군 수준에서 침입성의 변화와 침입 가능성을 설명하는 강력한 도구가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 한국에서 침입생물에 대한 생태학적 연구는 주로 종 수준의 분포 변화에 대해 이루어지고 있고, 메타개체군 개념을 적용한 경우가 드문 실정이다. 메타개체군 이론을 활용한다면, 국내 연구가 상대적으로 미진했던 개체군 단위의 침입 기작을 보다 상세히 규명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 실제 침입생물에 미치는 메타개체군의 영향을 쉽게 파악하기 위해 침입생물 메타개체군이 자연적인 분산 거리를 넘어서 연결되는지 여부에 따라 장거리와 중거리 두 가지 규모로 나누는 체계를 활용할 것을 제안하였다. 메타개체군 개념에 입각한 침입생물 연구가 침입의 기작을 이해하고 장래의 침입 리스크를 예측·관리하는 데에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

The process of biological invasion is led by the dynamics of a population as a demographic and evolutionary unit. Spatial structure can affect the population dynamics, and it is worth being considered in research on biological invasion which is always accompanied by dispersal. Metapopulation theory is a representative approach to spatially structured populations, which is chiefly applied in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology despite the controversy about its definition. In this study, metapopulation was considered as a spatially structured population that includes at least one subpopulation with significant extinction probability. The early phase of the invasion is suitable to be analyzed in aspects of the metapopulation concept because the introduced population usually has a high extinction probability, and their ecological·genetic traits determining the invasiveness can be affected by the metapopulation structure. Although it is important in the explanation of the prediction of the invasion probability, the metapopulation concept is rarely used in ecological research about biological invasion in Korea. It is expected that applying the metapopulation theory can supply a more detailed investigation of the invasion process at the population level, which is relatively inadequate in Korea. In this study, a framework dividing the invasive metapopulation into long- and middle-distance scales by the relative distance of movement to the natural dispersal range of species is proposed to easily analyze the effect of a metapopulation in real cases. Increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying invasions and improved prediction of future invasion risk are expected with the metapopulation concept and this framework.

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