한국판 간편 시공간 기억 검사(Korean-Brief Visuospatial Memory Test)의 노인 대상 표준화 연구
A Standardization Study of the Korean-Brief Visuospatial Memory Test(K-BVMT) for the Elderly
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초록
본 연구는 Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised(BVMT-R)의 한국 개정판 검사인 “한국판 간편 시공간 기억 검사(K-BVMT)”에 대한 표준화 연구의 일환으로서 노인 평가, 특히 치매 평가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있도록 노인집단을 대상으로 표준화하기 위해서 수행되었다. 한국 노인들에게 적합하고 Seoul Verbal Learning Test(SVLT)와 대응이 되도록 BVMT-R의 실시 및 채점방법을 변경하여 K-BVMT를 새로 제작하였고, 55세부터 90세 사이의 건강한 장노년 258명(남자 86명, 여자 172명)에게 K-BVMT와 함께 SVLT, Rey Complex Figure Test(RCFT) 및 Judgment of Line Orientation(JOLO) 검사를 실시하였다. 피검자들의 평균 연령은 68.18세(SD= 7.54)였고, 평균 교육년수는 5.54년(SD=4.78)이었다. 전체 피검자들 중 132명을 무작위로 선정하여 자극 그림들 사이에 경계선이 없는 검사 자극(NG조건)을 제시하였고, 나머지 126명에게는 경계선이 그려져 있는 검사 자극(G조건)을 제시하였으며 각 조건에서 15명씩 선발하여 30명의 피검자에게 1개월 간격으로 K-BVMT를 반복 실시하였다. K-BVMT의 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 높은 수준에 속하였다. 상관분석 결과 K-BVMT는 시각 기억 검사뿐만 아니라 언어 기억 검사와도 유의한 상관이 있음이 밝혀졌으나 K-BVMT는 G조건에서는 언어 기억 검사보다 시각 기억 검사와 더 높은 상관을 나타내었다. 또한 요인분석결과 NG 조건에서는 K-BVMT 변인들이 언어 기억 검사의 변인들과 같은 요인에 포함되었으나 G조건에서는 언어 기억 검사 요인과 독립적으로 K-BVMT의 변인들로만 구성된 K-BVMT 요인이 추출되었다. 이 결과는 G조건의 K-BVMT가 시각 기억 검사로서 타당하게 기능함을 시사한다. 따라서 이 결과들에 근거하여 K-BVMT의 노인 규준을 G조건에서 산출하였다. 끝으로, 노인집단에서 관찰된 NG조건과 G조건의 차이가 의미하는 바를 노화에 따른 시공간 기억 처리의 변화와 관련지어 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study examined the validity of the Korean version of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (K-BVMT) for assessing visuospatial memory in the elderly. The K-BVMT was developed with some modifications in stimulus presentations and scoring methods of the original Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) for use with the Korean elderly. The subjects were 258 healthy elderly people (86 men, 172 women; mean age = 68.18 ± 7.54 years; mean education = 5.54 ± 4.78 years) recruited from the community. They were given the K-BVMT, with Seoul Verbal Learning Test, Rey Complex Figure Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation. The K-BVMT was re-administered to 30 subjects after a 4-week interval. The K-BVMT test-retest reliability was significantly high (r = .83 - .84, p < .001). Of 258 subjects, 132 were shown the stimulus without grid, as in the original BVMT-R (NG condition), and the rest were shown the stimulus with grid (G condition). The correlation analyses showed that the K-BVMT correlated significantly with the verbal memory test as well as the visuospatial memory test. In the G condition, however, the K-BVMT correlated more strongly with the visuospatial memory test than with the verbal memory test, in contrast to the NG condition. In the G condition, the K-BVMT factor that consisted of only K-BVMT variables was extracted from the factor analysis, whereas, in the NG condition, the K-BVMT variables were included in the same factor with the verbal memory variables. These results confirmed that the K-BVMT is a valid visuospatial memory test in the G condition. Therefore, elderly norms for the K-BVMT were produced only in the G condition. Finally, we discussed the implications of the differences between the K-BVMT's NG and G conditions in relation to age-related changes in visuospatial memory processing.
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