고성과 인사체계의 보편적 관점 비판 : Kaufman의 문제제기에 대한 실증분석
A Criticism of the Universalistic Perspective of High Performance Work System: An Empirical Analysis of Kaufman’s Objections
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본 연구는 SHRM의 보편적 관점에 대해 Kaufman(2010)이 제기하였던 실증적, 이론적 한계를 검증하기 위한 실증연구이다. 한국직업능력개발원(KRIVET) 패널조사 7차(2017년), 405개 기업의 설문결과를 활용하였으며, 종단분석 시 1차(2005년) 조사결과(454개 기업) 자료와 비교하였다. 분석결과, 실증적 측면에서 현장에서는 HPWPs와 기업성과간의 보편적 효과에 대해 기대만큼 높은 신뢰와 지지를 보여주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이론적으로도 기업성과에 대한 HPWPs의 한계효용 체감효과를 부분적으로 확인함으로써 보편적 관점의 다다익선(more is better) 주장에 대한 문제제기의 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 HPWPs와 성과지표-HR성과, 조직성과, 재무성과-간 거리에 따라 직접효과의 유의수준이 감소하는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 HPWPs의 종속변수로 사용되는 여러 성과지표의 타당성연구에 참조할 수 있을 것이다. 그 밖에 본 연구의 학문적, 실무적 시사점 등에 대해 논하였다.
Abstract
This empirical study aims to test the empirical and theoretical limitations of the universalistic perspective of strategic human resource management (SHRM) posed by Kaufman in 2010. We used the results of the 7th panel survey of 405 companies conducted in 2017 by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET), and compared them with the data of the first survey of 454 companies in 2005 for longitudinal analysis. The results supported Kaufman’s theory. First, from the empirical point of view, managers in the field did not show as high level of trust and support as the universalist expected in terms of the general effect of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) on organizational performance. Second, we did not confirm a consistent effect of diminishing marginal utility of HPWPs. However, all the negative values of path coefficients of three performance indicators, albeit not all were significant, would be enough to raise a question about the perspective of “more is better” in the universalistic perspective. Finally, we found the phenomenon of declining significance levels of direct effects between HPWPs and performance indicators (HR, organizational, and financial outcomes) in accordance with distance. These findings could provide a reference for validity research of various performance indicators that are used for dependent variables of HPWPs. Further academic and managerial implications were also discussed.
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