고고 디지털 아카이브 구축의과제와 전략
Strategies and Challenges in Digitizing Archaeological Data
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자료관리와 정보력이 국력의 척도가 되었으나, 디지털 기술에의 의존 증대로 인한 위험마저 높아진 미묘한 상황을맞고 있다. 그런 변화의 속도가 빠른 만큼 기존 자료의 디지털 전환 및 디지털 자료관리의 중요성도 급격히 증대되고 있다. 고고자료와 정보도 예외일 수는 없다. 과거에 산발적으로 이루어지던 디지털화를 좀 더 전면적이고 체계적으로 신속하게 수행하지 않을 수 없게 되었다. 그런 작업의 효과적인 진행을 위해서는, 디지털 아카이브에 포함될 고고자료의 특징에 대한 분명한 인식이 선행되어야 할 듯하다. 고고자료는 발굴이라는 원천을 파괴하는 과정을 통해 자료가 생성된다는 점, 장구한 시간대에 걸친 다방면의 인류 과거 경험을 연구 대상으로 하는바, 축적되는 자료의 종류가 다각적이고 그 양이 방대할 수밖에 없다는 점,원본 수기자료(사진, 도면, 야장 등)의 자연적 소멸에 따른 피해가 심각하다는 점 등을 특징으로 한다. 이러한 특징은 디지털 암흑기를 맞을 경우, 원상 복구의 어려움이 상상을 초월할 정도로 커지게 할 수밖에 없다. 현재 경향과 자료의 특성을 동시에 고려해야만 지속가능한 고고 디지털 아카이브의 구축의 전략이 수립될 것이다. 필자는 소비자인 인문학도의 입장에서 ① 디지털 관리책무 체제 확충, ② 활용성에 대한 인식과 역량의 제고, ③ (국제)공조적 체계의 구축, ④ 디지털고고학 플랫폼으로의 도약 등을 그 전략으로 제안한다.
Abstract
As data management and intelligence capability become proxy indicators of national power, the risk provoked by high depending on digital technology ironically increases. The quicker the changes come to be, the more important digitizing existing data and management of digital data are. The management of archaeological data could not be exceptional. It has to be performed in a more comprehensive, systematic and rapid manner. In order to perform the task, the nature of archaeological data contained in the digital archive should be properly recognized in advance: the primary data are generated by excavation as a process destroying their sources, the data are enormous in type and quantity, including long-term and various human experience, and the natural extinction of primary data in handwritten form is likely to be more crucial than in any other discipline. These characteristics of archaeological data unimaginably devastated the possibility of recovering archives, when we face a digital dark age. Considering both recent trend and the nature of archaeological data mentioned above, we can derive strategies for building a sustainable archaeological digital archive. As an archaeology-major consumer of the digital data, I propose four strategic considerations: ① establishing a system of digital data literacy; ② enhancing evaluation and capability of data reuse; ③ building an international data sharing system; ④ developing it into the platform for digital archaeology.
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