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디지털고고학 국외 사례 현황과 과제

Digital Archaeology Case Studies Overseas : Current Status and Challenges

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최근 디지털 기술의 발달과 팬데믹의 영향으로 고고학 분야에도 다양한 기술을 활용하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 국외에서는 이를 디지털고고학(Digital Archaeology)이라고 하며,고고학 조사, 연구, 분석, 보존, 복원, 활용 등 고고학의 한 분야로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 현재 한국의 디지털고고학은 고고학의 한 분야라기보다는 3D 측량, 가상현실 콘텐츠 제작 등 기술적 보조 수단에 국한되어 해당 기술을 충분히 활용하지 못하는 경향이 있다. 또한 우리는 다량의 데이터와 콘텐츠를 생산하고 있지만 이를 제대로 관리․활용하지 못하고 있다. 디지털고고학에 대한 정책과 제도, 교육, 이에 대한 전문 인력 또한 부족한 현실이다. 국외에서는 1960년대 비교적 이른 시기에 디지털고고학이 시작되어 다양한 문제에 대한 고민과 해결 방안, 새로운 연구가 시도되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 국외 디지털고고학의 개념과 분야, 관련 정책과 교육, 분야 및 기술별 대표 사례를 종합적으로 검토하여, 이를 국내에 적합한 연구, 정책, 제도, 교육, 기술 적용 방안으로 활용하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 관련 논문, 단행본 등 최신 자료 조사와 함께 영국 등 국외의 박물관, 전시관, 학회 등을 직접 방문하여 조사한 결과를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 국외에서는 고고학 전공자들이 고고학 조사와 연구, 보존과 복원, 전시와 교육 등을 위해 관련 기술을 최대한 활용하여 다채로운 연구 성과물이 도출되고 있다. 또한 이를 위해 대학의 고고학과 등에서는 GIS, 3D 스캔, CAD 등의 기술 관련 강의를 개설하고 지속적으로 전문가를 양성하고 있다. 또한 국가 차원의 정책과 제도, 예산 등이 이를 체계적으로 뒷받침하여 디지털고고학 분야를 활성화하고 산학 협력을 유도하며, 이를 통해 대중 참여 확대와 일자리, 경제적 부가가치를 창출하고 있다. 디지털 기술은 고고학 분야의 스펙트럼을 넓히고 새로운 조사와 연구의 가능성을 열어줄 것이다. “디지털고고학”을 붙여 쓴 것은 대중고고학, 선사고고학처럼 하루빨리 고고학의 한 분야로 빠르게 자리 잡고 연구되기를 희망하는 마음에서이다. 본고의 여러 사례가 관련 연구자에게 유용한 참고가 되기를 바라며, 관계 기관의 정책과 제도, 예산, 교육 등의 추진에 원동력이 되기를 기대한다.

Abstract

Due to recent advancements in digital technology and the impact of the pandemic, various attempts to utilize technology have been made in the field of Archaeology. Overseas, this is referred to as “Digital Archaeology”, and it is actively researched as a field of Archaeology, such as excavation, investigation, analysis, preservation, restoration, and utilization. Currently, Digital Archaeology in South Korea tends to be limited to technical support tools such as 3D scanning and VR content, rather than being recognized as a field of Archaeology. Furthermore, although we produce a large amount of data and content, we struggle with management and preservation. The policies, regulations, and education regarding Digital Archaeology are also insufficient. Digital archaeology began relatively early in foreign countries and is actively being researched. This study aims to comprehensively examine the definition and fields of Digital Archaeology overseas, along with relevant policies, educational status, and representative cases. The goal of this study is to adapt this knowledge to suitable research, policies, regulations, education, and technological applications in Digital Archaeology of Korea. To achieve this, researching recent papers, publications, as well as field investigations in relevant conferences, museums, and organizations were conducted. According to the analysis results, archaeologists abroad are utilizing relevant technologies to the fullest extent in order to achieve diverse research outcomes in archaeological survey, analysis, preservation, restoration and exhibition. Additionally, several Universities has opened lectures related to technology to nurture experts. Furthermore, policies, regulations, and budgets are systematically supporting Digital Archaeology by promoting industry-academia collaboration, expanding public participation, and generating employment opportunities and economic value through this. Digital technology will broaden the research spectrum in the field of archaeology and open up new historical possibilities. It is hoped that the various cases presented in this paper will serve as a reference for archaeologists, as well as policies, regulations, budgets, and education from relevant organizations, will be gradually achieved.

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