바울의 덕 사상과 덕 철학의 접점 찾기
A Comparative Study on Virtue between Apostle Paul and Philosophical Approaches
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오늘날 기이하게도 일반 사회 속에서는 덕에 대한 관심이 증대하는 반면, 교회는 덕에 대해 대체로 무관심할 뿐만 아니라, 덕을 잃은 집단으로 매도되기도 한다. 사도 바울이 비록 덕(아레테)이라는 말을 빌립보서 4:8-9에서 단 한번 명시적으로 사용하지만, 바울의 전체 신학에 있어서 이 말의 비중은 대단히 높다고 본다. 이 글에서는 이 본문에 대한 문법적, 역사적 연구를 먼저 시도하고, 특히바울이 당대의 철학적 사조 속에서 아레테라는 단어를 어떤 의미로 사용했는지를 주목해본다. 이어서 우리의 해석학적 관심을 발전시켜 현대 덕 철학의 대표자 중의 한 사람인 알라스데어 매킨타이어를 살펴보면서 그의 사상이 어떻게 철학과 신학과 윤리 속에 수용되고 있는지를 추적해본다. 이를 통해 한 면에서는 바울의 덕에 대한 가르침을 회복하는 길을 모색해보고, 또다른 한 면에서는 이 시대의 덕 담론을 철학 자체의 한계를 넘어 보다 통합적이고 건설적인 방향으로 이끌어 갈 수 있는 길이 무엇인지를 모색해본다.
Abstract
Apostle Paul explicitly uses the word of virtue (avreth,) only once in Philippians 4:8-9. The meaning of this word is not much different from that of contemporary ordinary and philosophical uses, that is, the moral eminence. Though it seems that this word is not central in Paul’s teaching, it does not mean that we can ignore or make little use of it. Rather, we need to find the way to make best use of it especially in today’s world in which the issue of virtue is once again revived. For a hermeneutical dialogue on the issue of virtue, we take the philosophical approach of Alasdair MacIntyre. Interpreting Aristotle into today’s language, MacIntyre emphasizes the telos and narrative context of virtue-action. We assess his approach positively and negatively in comparison with Jürgen Habermas and Richard Rorty in the philosophical field, and also trace his influence on theological and ethical debates focusing especially on Stanley Hauerwas, N.T. Wright, and John Milbank. We try to revive the moral vision of Paul because it can give a more comprehensive understanding and integrated life of new creation overcoming both the lack of metanarrative or metapractice of philosophy and the privatization of Christian faith ignoring its public responsibility
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