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회복사법 프로그램의 재범방지 효과성에 대한 비판적 소고

The impact of restorative justice on reoffending: Critical assessment from the RNR perspective

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초록

회복사법은 기존 응보적 정의에 대한 대안적 철학으로 범죄로 발생한 피해의 복원을 강조하고, 피해자를 사법적 논의의 중심으로 옮겨 놓는 중요한 역할을 수행해왔다. 이러한 회복사법의 학문적-정책적 성과에도 불구하고, 최근 회복사법 옹호론자들 사이에서 부각되는 중요한 흐름 중 하나는 회복사법이 가해자 재범방지에도 효과적이라는 주장이다. 본고는 이러한 시각을 비판하면서, 회복사법이 피해자 존중과 피해 복구라는 정의(justice)적 관점에서 재범방지라는 효용(utility)의 관점으로 변신할 때, 회복사법 본래의 가치는 훼손되고 재범방지 효과성에 대한 증거체계의 혼란으로 교정체계 전반에 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 주장한다. 본 논문은 이러한 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해, 먼저 회복사법의 다양한 이론적 분파와 회복사법의 재범방지 관련 증거를 분석하였다. 또한, 최근 주류 교정이론인 RNR적 관점을 개관하고, 이 관점에서 기존 회복사법 프로그램의 재범방지 효과성을 이론적, 경험적 관점에서 비판하였다. 결론에서는 향후 회복사법의 정의로서의 가치와 재범방지의 효용으로서의 가치를 적절히 활용하기 위한 통합적 대안을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Restorative justice(RJ) has played important roles in placing the victims of crime at the center of correctional discourses by emphasizing the value of restoration of harm incurred to the victims. One important trend that the current article finds both interesting and worrisome is that RJ started selling itself as a panacea for crime problems. Among others, this paper argues that the current emphasis on the utility of RJ program in terms of recidivism reduction would put at risk the core value of victim-centered approach of RJ and, more importantly, has the possibility that would adversely influence the current move toward evidence-based practice in the field of corrections. In order to make that argument, theoretical propositions and empirical evidence concerning the effectiveness of RJ programs were critically reviewed from the RNR perspective. which is a dominant theoretical framework underlying evidence-based corrections. Finally this essay concludes with future directions on how to merge the two dominant theoretical frameworks- RNR and RJ- in the field of corrections.

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