기업들의 완전자율주행 기술 개발 전략: 자체개발과 아웃소싱 전략을 중심으로
Firms’ Strategies for Developing Fully Autonomous Driving System: Focusing on Make-or-Buy Decision
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초록
완전자율주행은 미래 자동차산업의 구조를 완전히 바꾸어놓을 수 있는 혁신적인 기술로, 여러 기술 요소들의 유기적인 통합이 필요한 만큼 어떤 기술 요소들을 자체적으로 개발하고 아웃소싱하는지가 따라 기업의 경쟁력, 사업화 가능성이 결정될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 완전자율주행의 핵심 기술 요소를 식별하고 각 기술 요소에 대한 주요 관련 기업들의 기술전략을 거래비용과 기술의 상호의존성, 보완자산, 불확실성 등 다양한 관점에서 분석하였으며, 특허 포트폴리오 분석과 문헌 수집을 통해 핵심기술 요소의 특성에 따라 기업들의 기술 전략이 크게 차이가 난다는 점을 확인하였다. 그리고 요소기술에 대한 기업들의 기술전략을 종합하여 완전자율주행 개발 전략을 연속적 접근법과 불연속적 접근법 두 가지 방향으로 정리하였으며, 각각이 갖는 장점과 단점을 설명하고 몇몇 기업들이 과도한 개발비용으로 개발 방향성을 수정하고 있음을 지적하였다. 마지막으로 현재 완전자율주행 주행 데이터가 기술 개발에 있어 중요할 뿐 아니라, 완전자율주행 사업 허가에도 영향을 미치고 있다는 가설을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Fully autonomous driving(FAD) is the technology that is expected to change the whole dynamics of automotive industry. To realize FAD, autonomous driving system whose technological components of various fields are highly integrated is required. Here, firms developing FAD face the problem of make-or-buy decisions for core technological components which affects firm’s competency and the possibility of commercialization of FAD. In this paper, through collection of patent applications data, news articles, and secondary literatures, FAD artificial intelligence(AI), AI computing hardwares, sensors, and vehicle-related technological components are defined as core technological components. Among those four technological components, FAD AI is the most important technological components which lot of the firms develop as their own. Firms that lack of technological knowledge to develop their own FAD AI system use acquisition, equity investment, and joint venture to obtain related knowledge. In developing FAD system, there are two different approaches: the continuous approach which try to reach level 4 by developing the current level 2~3 AI incrementally, and the discontinuous approach which believes new AI apart from current driver-assisting AI that take over everything the driver was doing in current vehicle is required for FAD.
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