브라질의 통상외교정책과 한국
Brazilian Foreign Trade Diplomacy and Korea
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This article aims to analyse the core elements of the Brazilian foreign trade policy that play a central role in establishing foreign trade diplomacy. Since baron Rio Branco had established the Brazilian foreign policy, Brazil has followed traditionally regional isolationism based on South America, preferring in the same time multilateralism such as GATT/WTO instead of FTA or BITs. This foreign policy is very similar with the American foreign policy which has maintained isolationism based on Americas favouring multilateralism. However, as the US policy shifted from isolationism to bilateralism and regional economic integration establishing NAFTA in the early 90s, Brazil also has moved into the same direction, creating the MERCOSUR and celebrating several BITs. When Lula took power in 2003, he began to apply foreign trade policy more aggressive than Cardoso government. He had a very active role in creating Unasul based on the MERCOSUR, to maintain balance of power with the US leading FTAA negotiation through the EU FTA negotiation, and struggled to establish Brazil's negotiation status in Doha round leading agricultural exporting countries' interest. In fact, Brazil's trade policy has been influenced very strongly from macro-economic policy and industrial policy internally and foreign policy externally. Before 90s economic and industrial policies were import-substitution oriented to protect domestic industries. Moreover, a limited number of big companies had been involved in export-import trade which made foreign trade policy little influenced by domestic policies. Consequently, national congress made little reluctance to foreign trade policy of the federal government. However, this honeymoon relationship between legislative power and government broke up when liberal foreign trade policy began to produce negative impact on domestic industries, resulting foreign trade policy more influenced by domestic policies. After domestic market open, foreign market access became a most important goal of the Brazilian foreign trade diplomacy, considering that Brazilian agricultural products are very competitive internationally. This shows that Korea should consider very carefully the Brazilian foreign trade diplomacy when she analyses the possibility of FTA negotiation with MERCOSUR. In this aspect, it seems interesting that Korea should take initiative in knocking FTA negotiation with MERCOSUR as she has been negotiating with US, EU, Chile that are heavy competitors of agriculture export. With this competition environment in Korean market among foreign competitors, domestic consumers could have more benefits and korean products could get more foreign market access benefits.
Abstract
This article aims to analyse the core elements of the Brazilian foreign trade policy that play a central role in establishing foreign trade diplomacy. Since baron Rio Branco had established the Brazilian foreign policy, Brazil has followed traditionally regional isolationism based on South America, preferring in the same time multilateralism such as GATT/WTO instead of FTA or BITs. This foreign policy is very similar with the American foreign policy which has maintained isolationism based on Americas favouring multilateralism. However, as the US policy shifted from isolationism to bilateralism and regional economic integration establishing NAFTA in the early 90s, Brazil also has moved into the same direction, creating the MERCOSUR and celebrating several BITs. When Lula took power in 2003, he began to apply foreign trade policy more aggressive than Cardoso government. He had a very active role in creating Unasul based on the MERCOSUR, to maintain balance of power with the US leading FTAA negotiation through the EU FTA negotiation, and struggled to establish Brazil's negotiation status in Doha round leading agricultural exporting countries' interest. In fact, Brazil's trade policy has been influenced very strongly from macro-economic policy and industrial policy internally and foreign policy externally. Before 90s economic and industrial policies were import-substitution oriented to protect domestic industries. Moreover, a limited number of big companies had been involved in export-import trade which made foreign trade policy little influenced by domestic policies. Consequently, national congress made little reluctance to foreign trade policy of the federal government. However, this honeymoon relationship between legislative power and government broke up when liberal foreign trade policy began to produce negative impact on domestic industries, resulting foreign trade policy more influenced by domestic policies. After domestic market open, foreign market access became a most important goal of the Brazilian foreign trade diplomacy, considering that Brazilian agricultural products are very competitive internationally. This shows that Korea should consider very carefully the Brazilian foreign trade diplomacy when she analyses the possibility of FTA negotiation with MERCOSUR. In this aspect, it seems interesting that Korea should take initiative in knocking FTA negotiation with MERCOSUR as she has been negotiating with US, EU, Chile that are heavy competitors of agriculture export. With this competition environment in Korean market among foreign competitors, domestic consumers could have more benefits and korean products could get more foreign market access benefits.
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