예수의 비유에 나타난 개성화의 동기 - 라인홀드 니버의 기독교 현실주의 관점에서

Abstract

In this article, I looked for the motives of individuation in the parables of Jesus and tried to see how they relate to Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian realism. I tried to show how the paradoxical and powerful dimensions of the parables of Jesus were explained realistically and politically. In particular, I tried to integrate the elements of paradox and unconventionality in the parables of Jesus from the viewpoint of Carl Jung and criticize them from the viewpoint of Reinhold Niebuhr’s Christian realism. Traditional interpretation of the parables has concentrated on extracting moral messages from the parables by allegorical method. Jesus became the incarnation of goodness and the messages of the parables were confined to the frame of dualism of good and evil. Sociological interpretations disregarded paradoxical and unconscious aspects of the parables and did not reveal the dimension of power. The new interpretation seeks to overcome the dualism of good and evil, revealing the grace that works in human unconsciousness and shadow. The parable of Jesus reveals the freedom and grace of God. Carl Jung believed that symbol and parable reveal these paradoxes, irrationality, and trans-morality. He further suggested that they integrate contradictory elements of human being by individuation. Reinhold Niebuhr also argued that the judgment and the freedom of God in symbol and parable break down the illusion of rationalism and optimistic historicism. The paradox and eschatology of the parables makes it clear that no human power can be good.