Nontraditional Security Diplomacy: A Workable Option for India and Pakistan to Move Forward
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The traditional hostility between India and Pakistan has created a complex situation in the region, and their traditional bilateral relations are ignoring and increasing the nontraditional security (NTS) threats like terrorism, religious extremism, drug trafficking, environmental issues, maritime piracy, natural disasters, energy and economic crises which need a different diplomatic approach. Traditionally, a country’s diplomatic principles and position were judged by its political wisdom and military prestige. However, nontraditional diplomatic approaches have opened a new debate in the diplomatic arena. This study coins a new notion of diplomacy, “Nontraditional Security Diplomacy.” It argues that NTS diplomacy is more productive to settle traditional and nontraditional security issues between both conflicting states. It also strives to clarify the relationship between India and Pakistan and their mutual NTS cooperation. This study has devised three key policy options: cooperative security, security co-governance and peaceful coexistence for security cooperation, while the means and methods represent the strategy of understanding NTS challenges and cooperation between both states. Therefore, the paper explores the relevant questions for their security cooperation. Resultantly, it maps out the need for collaboration in NTS areas and maneuvers for practical cooperation, which is favorable for the improvement of peaceful bilateral relations between the two countries.
Abstract
The traditional hostility between India and Pakistan has created a complex situation in the region, and their traditional bilateral relations are ignoring and increasing the nontraditional security (NTS) threats like terrorism, religious extremism, drug trafficking, environmental issues, maritime piracy, natural disasters, energy and economic crises which need a different diplomatic approach. Traditionally, a country’s diplomatic principles and position were judged by its political wisdom and military prestige. However, nontraditional diplomatic approaches have opened a new debate in the diplomatic arena. This study coins a new notion of diplomacy, “Nontraditional Security Diplomacy.” It argues that NTS diplomacy is more productive to settle traditional and nontraditional security issues between both conflicting states. It also strives to clarify the relationship between India and Pakistan and their mutual NTS cooperation. This study has devised three key policy options: cooperative security, security co-governance and peaceful coexistence for security cooperation, while the means and methods represent the strategy of understanding NTS challenges and cooperation between both states. Therefore, the paper explores the relevant questions for their security cooperation. Resultantly, it maps out the need for collaboration in NTS areas and maneuvers for practical cooperation, which is favorable for the improvement of peaceful bilateral relations between the two countries.
참고문헌 (43)
- Thakur, "Broadening Asia’s Security Discourse and Agenda: Political, Social, and Environmental Perspectives", pp.4~ (2004), United Nations University Press
- Shunji Cui, "Security governance: From Non–traditional Security Management Perspectives", World Economics and Politics, (1), pp.84~96 (2010)
- "The Functions and Purposes of Modern Diplomacy" (2010)[URL]
- H. Nicolson, "The Evolution of the Diplomatic Method", pp.132~ (1957), Cassell Publishers
- D. Lee, "The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy", Review of International Studies, 30, pp.345~ (2004)
- "A Guide to Diplomatic Practice", Nabu Press, 72~ (2011)
- G. R. Berridge, "Diplomatic Theory From Machiavelli To Kissinger (Studies in Diplomacy)", pp.24~ (2001), Palgrave Macmillan
- Adam Watson, "Diplomacy: The Dialogue Between States", pp.12~ (1982), Eyre Methuen
- Kishan S. Rana, "Foreign Ministries: Change and Reform", paper presented at the International Studies Association (2004)
- Lee, "The old and new significance of political economy in diplomacy", pp.345~
- James Der Derian, "On Diplomacy: A Genealogy of Western Estrangement", pp.181~119 (1991), Blackwell Publishing
- Jan Melissen, "The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations (Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations)", pp.29~ (2007), Routledge Handbook
- Sajjad Malik, "Track II diplomacy and its impact on Pakistan India Peace Process", Strategic Studies, 31(4-1) (2012)
- Milton C. Cummings, "Cultural Diplomacy and the United States Government: A Survey", Center for Arts and Culture, 1, pp.53~ (2003)
- Kirsten Bound, "Culture is a central component of international relations. It’s time to unlock its full potential" (2007), Demos
- Yue Chuan Wang, "Post-colonialism and New Historicism Literary Theory", pp.27~28 (1999), Shandong Education Press
- Sun Jisheng, "International Politics Linguistics Interdisciplinary Perspective: Direction and Agenda", Foreign Affairs Review, pp.44~56 (2013)
- Ashton B. Carter, "A New Concept of Cooperative Security", pp.2~ (1992), The Brookings Institution
- Elke Krahmann, "States, Citizens and the Privatization of Security", pp.12~13 (2010), Cambridge University Press
- Helene Carlback, "Alexey Komarov and Karl Molin, “Peaceful coexistence? Soviet Union and Sweden in the Khrushchev era", Baltic and East European Studies, 10, pp.14~15 (2010)
- Terry Terriff, "Security Studies Today", pp.10~28 (1999), Polity Press
- Karen S. Johnson-Cartee, "Strategic Political Communication: Rethinking Social Influence, Persuasion, and Propaganda", pp.2~ (2003), Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Mohd Aminul Karim, "Civil-Military Relations in Democratic South Asia: A Comparative Framework", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 28(2), pp.277~297 (2016), 한국국방연구원
- "Bilateral Brief: India-Pakistan Relations" (2016)[URL]
- Aadil Nakhoda, "Analysing the trade relationship between Pakistan and India, October 29, 2016", The Express Tribune, 12~ (2016)
- Mubarak Zeb Khan, "Pakistan, India sign three trade agreements, September 21, 2012", Dawn News, ~ (2012)
- "Bilateral Brief: India-Pakistan Relations" (2016)[URL]
- Patrick Sookhdeo, "Understanding Islamist Terrorism", pp.1~3 (2009), Isaac Publishing
- Douglas Johnston, "Faith-Based Diplomacy Trumping Realpolitik", pp.11~ (2008), Oxford University Press
- Neil Bhatiya, "Put Climate Change on the Agenda for India-Pakistan Relations", Foreign Policy (2015)
- Rollie Lal, "Issues for Engagement: Asian Perspectives on Transnational Security Challenges", pp.128~139 (2010)
- Šárka Waisová, "Environmental Cooperation as a Tool for Conflict Transformation and Resolution" (2017), Lexington Books
- "Press Releases" (2011)[URL]
- Satinder Bindra, "Pakistan puts quake toll at 18,000, October 9, 2005.", CNN, ~ (2005)
- Mehmet Ozkan, "The Need for India to Engage in ‘Disaster Diplomacy’ with Pakistan", Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (2010)
- Travis Nelson, "When disaster strikes: on the relationship between natural disaster and interstate conflict", Global Change, Peace & Security, 22(2), pp.155~174 (2010)
- "Southern India hit by floods after heaviest rainfall in more than a century December 2, 2015", Guardian News, ~ (2015)
- "Pakistan accepts India aid, but no real disaster diplomacy" (2010)[URL]
- "India offers $5 million flood aid to Pakistan" (2010)[URL]
- Kelman Ilan, "Acting on Disaster Diplomacy", Journal of International Affairs, 59(2), pp.215~240 (2006)
- "Emerging challenges in Indian Ocean pose serious threat to Pakistan’s security, interest, March 25, 2017", Pakistan Today, ~ (2017)
- "MOU on Establishment of a Communication Link between the Indian Coast Guard and Pakistan Maritime Security Agency" (2005)[URL]
- "Extension of MOU between Indian Coast Guard and Pakistan Maritime Security Agency" (2016)[URL]