본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

탈수초화 동물 모델과 1H 자기공명분광영상

Animal Models of Demyelination and 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류정신과학

초록

자기공명영상(magnetic resonance image) 기술의 발전으로 체내 조직의 구조 정보를 획득하는 것에 더하여 자기공명분광영상(magnetic resonance spectroscopy)으로 조직 내화학적 구성과 농도의 정보를 획득할 수 있게 되었다.1) 현재자기공명분광영상은 중추신경계 질환, 특히 뇌졸중, 다발성경화증, 데빅 병(Devic’s disease)과 같은 탈수초성 질환(demyelinating disorders)에서의 화학적 이상, 질병 진단과 연구에 적극 활용되고 있다.2) 탈수초성 질환의 탈수초화(demyelination)는 미엘린 수초(myelin sheath)의 소실로 인한 뉴런 손상을 뜻한다.3) 독소, 미토콘드리아 기능 이상, 자가면역 및 백색질 장애(leukodystrophy) 등이 탈수초화의 원인으로 알려져 있으나 주요한 원인은 명백히 밝혀지지 않았다.4-7) 이에 자기공명분광영상을활용한 탈수초화 연구는 계속 진행 중이며, 특히 인위적으로 탈수초화를 유도할 수 있는 동물 모델은 탈수초화 증상 재현, 탈수초화 유도 및 회복 단계의 종적 추적에 용의하여 연구에 많이 적용된다.8-13) 본 논문은 1H 자기공명분광영상과 탈수초화에 대한 주요개념과 연구 방법을 정리하고 이를 활용한 탈수초화 동물 모델 연구들을 정리한 후 향후 관련 주제의 활용 방안과 발전방향을 생각해보고자 한다.

Abstract

The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a tool used to detect concentrations of brain metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). It has been widely used because it does not require additional devices other than the conventional magnetic resonance scanner and coils. Demyelination, or the neuronal damage due to loss of myelin sheath, is one of the common pathologic processes in many diseases including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophy, encephalomyelitis, and other forms of autoimmune diseases. Rodent models mimicking human demyelinating diseases have been induced by using virus (e.g., Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus) or toxins (e.g., cuprizon or lysophosphatidyl choline). This review is an overview of the MRS findings on brain metabolites in demyelination with a specific focus on rodent models.

참고문헌 (89)

  1. de Graaf RA, "vivo NMR spectroscopy: principles and techniques", pp.1~42 (2007), John Wiley & Sons
  2. Oz G, "Clinical proton MR spectroscopy in central nervous system disorders", Radiology, 270, pp.658~679 (2014)
  3. Waxman SG, "Membranes, myelin, and the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis", N Engl J Med, 306, pp.1529~1533 (1982)
  4. Poser CM, "Leukodystrophy and the concept of dysmyelination", Arch Neurol, 4, pp.323~332 (1961)
  5. Marrie RA, "Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis aetiology", Lancet Neurol, 3, pp.709~718 (2004)
  6. Devic E, "Myélite subaiguë compliquée de névrite optique", Bull Med, 8, pp.1033~1034 (1894)
  7. Apatoff B, "The Merck Manual", pp.1943~1948 (2011), Merck Sharp &Dohme
  8. Degaonkar MN, "Sequential proton MRS study of brain metabolite changes monitored during a complete pathological cycle of demyelination and remyelination in a lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced experimental demyelinating lesion model", NMR Biomed, 15, pp.293~300 (2002)
  9. Pirko I, "Disappearing "T1 black holes" in an animal model of multiple sclerosis", Front Biosci, 9, pp.1222~1227 (2004)
  10. Denic A, "Brainstem 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy:marker of demyelination and repair in spinal cord", Ann Neurol, 66, pp.559~564 (2009)
  11. Denic A, "The relevance of animal models in multiple sclerosis research", Pathophysiology, 18, pp.21~29 (2011)
  12. Zendedel A, "Cuprizone-induced demyelination as a tool to study remyelination and axonal protection", J Mol Neurosci, 51, pp.567~572 (2013)
  13. Koundal S, "Neurometabolic and structural alterations in rat brain due to acute hypobaric hypoxia: in vivo 1H MRS at 7 T", NMR Biomed, 27, pp.341~347 (2014)
  14. Soares DP, "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain:review of metabolites and clinical applications", Clin Radiol, 64, pp.12~21 (2009)
  15. Rosen Y, "Recent advances in magnetic resonance neurospectroscopy", Neurotherapeutics, 4, pp.330~345 (2007)
  16. Atlas SW, "Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine" (2009), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  17. Bottomley PA, "Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 508, pp.333~348 (1987)
  18. Frahm J, "Localized proton spectroscopy using stimulated echoes", J Magn Reson (1969), 72, pp.502~508 (1987)
  19. Urenjak J, "Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types", J Neurosci, 13, pp.981~989 (1993)
  20. Wilken B, "Quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of children with adrenoleukodystrophy before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Neuropediatrics, 34, pp.237~246 (2003)
  21. Vrenken H, "MR spectroscopic evidence for glial increase but not for neuro-axonal damage in MS normal-appearing white matter", Magn Reson Med, 53, pp.256~266 (2005)
  22. Bizzi A, "Classification of childhood white matter disorders using pro-ton MR spectroscopic imaging", AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 29, pp.1270~1275 (2008)
  23. Clark JB, "N-acetyl aspartate: a marker for neuronal loss or mitochondrial dysfunction", Dev Neurosci, 20, pp.271~276 (1998)
  24. Simmons ML, "Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl-aspartate with monoclonal antibodies", Neuroscience, 45, pp.37~45 (1991)
  25. Moffett JR, "NAcetylaspartate in the CNS: from neurodiagnostics to neurobiology", Prog Neurobiol, 81, pp.89~131 (2007)
  26. Bates TE, "Inhibition of N-acetylaspartate production: implications for 1H MRS studies in vivo", Neuroreport, 7, pp.1397~1400 (1996)
  27. Schwarcz A, "Localized proton MRS of cerebral metabolite profiles in different mouse strains", Magn Reson Med, 49, pp.822~827 (2003)
  28. Nilsen LH Melø TM, "Altered neurochemical profile in the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal in vivo 1H MRS study", J Neurochem, 123, pp.532~541 (2012)
  29. Delli Pizzi S, "Morphological and metabolic changes in the nigrostriatal pathway of synthetic proteasome inhibitor (PSI)-treated rats: a MRI and MRS study", PLoS One, 8, pp.e56501~ (2013)
  30. Orije J, "Longitudinal monitoring of metabolic alterations in cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy", Neuroimage, 114, pp.128~135 (2015)
  31. Praet J, "Cuprizone-induced demyelination and demyelination-associated inflammation result in different proton magnetic resonance metabolite spectra", NMR Biomed, 28, pp.505~513 (2015)
  32. Xuan Y, "The cuprizone-induced changes in (1)H-MRS metabolites and oxidative parameters in C57BL", 6 mouse brain: effects of quetiapine, 2015, pp.90, 185~192
  33. Yan G, "Brain metabolite changes in subcortical regions after exposure to cuprizone for 6 weeks: potential implications for schizophrenia", Neurochem Res, 40, pp.49~58 (2015)
  34. Richards TL, "Proton MR spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis: value in establishing diagnosis, monitoring progression, and evaluating therapy", AJR Am J Roentgenol, 157, pp.1073~1078 (1991)
  35. Arnold DL, "Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain in vivo in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis: assessment of the load of disease", Magn Reson Med, 14, pp.154~159 (1990)
  36. De Stefano N, "In vivo evidence for axonal dysfunction remote from focal cerebral demyelination of the type seen in multiple sclerosis", Brain, 122(Pt 10), pp.1933~1939 (1999)
  37. Bitsch A, "Inflammatory CNS demyelination: histopathologic correlation with in vivo quantitative proton MR spectroscopy", AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 20, pp.1619~1627 (1999)
  38. Wallimann T, "Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands:the ‘phosphocreatine circuit’ for cellular energy homeostasis", Biochem J, 281(Pt 1), pp.21~40 (1992)
  39. de Graaf RA, "vivo NMR spectroscopy: principles and techniques", pp.43~110 (2007), John Wiley & Sons
  40. Saunders DE, "Aging of the adult human brain: in vivo quantitation of metabolite content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy", J Magn Reson Imaging, 9, pp.711~716 (1999)
  41. Danielsen ER, "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases" (1999), Marcel Dekker
  42. Lowry OH, "Diversity of metabolic patterns in human brain tumors--I. High energy phosphate compounds and basic composition", J Neurochem, 29, pp.959~977 (1977)
  43. Tarhan NC, "Osmotic demyelination syndrome in end-stage renal disease after recent hemodialysis: MRI of the brain", AJR Am J Roentgenol, 182, pp.809~816 (2004)
  44. Inglese M, "Diffusely elevated cerebral choline and creatine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis", Magn Reson Med, 50, pp.190~195 (2003)
  45. Miller BL, "A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy:N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline", NMR Biomed, 4, pp.47~52 (1991)
  46. Gill SS, "Brain metabolites as 1H NMR markers of neuronal and glial disorders", NMR Biomed, 2, pp.196~200 (1989)
  47. Ross B, "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain", Anat Rec, 265, pp.54~84 (2001)
  48. Srinivasan R, "Evidence of elevated glutamate in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T", Brain, 128(Pt 5), pp.1016~1025 (2005)
  49. Matthews PM, "Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolic characterization of plaques in multiple sclerosis", Neurology, 41, pp.1251~1256 (1991)
  50. Brenner RE, "The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio", Magn Reson Med, 29, pp.737~745 (1993)
  51. Simone IL, "High resolution proton MR spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid in MS patients. Comparison with biochemical changes in demyelinating plaques", J Neurol Sci, 144, pp.182~190 (1996)
  52. Venkatesh SK, "Spectroscopic increase in choline signal is a nonspecific marker for differentiation of infective", inflammatory from neoplastic lesions of the brain, 2001, pp.14, 8~15
  53. Tartaglia MC, "Choline is increased in pre-lesional normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis", J Neurol, 249, pp.1382~1390 (2002)
  54. Butteriss DJ, "Use of serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to differentiate low grade glioma from tumefactive plaque in a patient with multiple sclerosis", Br J Radiol, 76, pp.662~665 (2003)
  55. Tourbah A, "Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with adult adrenoleukodystrophy. Increase of choline compounds in normal appearing white matter", Arch Neurol, 54, pp.586~592 (1997)
  56. De Stefano N, "Short-term dichloroacetate treatment improves indices of cerebral metabolism in patients with mitochondrial disorders", Neurology, 45, pp.1193~1198 (1995)
  57. Bianchi MC, "Proton MR spectroscopy of mitochondrial diseases: analysis of brain metabolic abnormalities and their possible diagnostic relevance", AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 24, pp.1958~1966 (2003)
  58. Jessen F, "Proton MR spectroscopy detects a relative decrease of N-acet ylaspartate in the medial temporal lobe of patients with AD", Neurology, 55, pp.684~688 (2000)
  59. Ohrmann P, "Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in firstepisode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients:a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study", J Psychiatr Res, 41, pp.625~634 (2007)
  60. Saneto RP, "Neuroimaging of mitochondrial disease", Mitochondrion, 8, pp.396~413 (2008)
  61. Keshavan MS, "Striatal metabolic alterations in non-psychotic adolescent offspring at risk for schizophrenia: a (1)H spectroscopy study", Schizophr Res, 115, pp.88~93 (2009)
  62. Erecińska M, "Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain", Prog Neurobiol, 35, pp.245~296 (1990)
  63. Choi C, "T2 measurement and quantification of glutamate in human brain in vivo", Magn Reson Med, 56, pp.971~977 (2006)
  64. Srinivasan R, "TE-averaged two-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging of glutamate at 3 T", Neuroimage, 30, pp.1171~1178 (2006)
  65. Kreis R, "Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols", NMR Biomed, 4, pp.109~116 (1991)
  66. Ross BD, "Biochemical considerations in 1H spectroscopy. Glutamate and glutamine; myo-inositol and related metabolites", NMR Biomed, 4, pp.59~63 (1991)
  67. Tkác I, "In vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy of the human brain at 7 T", Magn Reson Med, 46, pp.451~456 (2001)
  68. Mason GF, "Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T", Magn Reson Med, 32, pp.142~145 (1994)
  69. Uğurbil K, "Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy", Magn Reson Imaging, 21, pp.1263~1281 (2003)
  70. Ben-Ari Y, "Excitatory actions of gaba during development: the nature of the nurture", Nat Rev Neurosci, 3, pp.728~739 (2002)
  71. Berrettini WH, "Reduced plasma and CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid in affective illness: effect of lithium carbonate", Biol Psychiatry, 18, pp.185~194 (1983)
  72. Sanacora G, "Reduced cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in depressed patients determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, pp.1043~1047 (1999)
  73. Cotter D, "The density and spatial distribution of GABAergic neurons, labelled using calcium binding proteins, in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia", Biol Psychiatry, 51, pp.377~386 (2002)
  74. Brambilla P, "GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders", Mol Psychiatry, 8, pp.721~737 (2003)
  75. Brand A, "Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells", Dev Neurosci, 15, pp.289~298 (1993)
  76. De Stefano N, "Chemical pathology of acute demyelinating lesions and its correlation with disability", Ann Neurol, 38, pp.901~909 (1995)
  77. Koopmans RA, "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of multiple sclerosis: in-vivo detection of myelin breakdown products", Lancet, 341, pp.631~632 (1993)
  78. Katz-Brull R, "Elevation of myoinositol is associated with disease containment in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy", Neurology, 63, pp.897~900 (2004)
  79. Videen JS, "Human cerebral osmolytes during chronic hyponatremia. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study", J Clin Invest, 95, pp.788~793 (1995)
  80. Behar KL, "High-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of cerebral hypoxia in vivo", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 80, pp.4945~4648 (1983)
  81. Berkelbach van der Sprenkel JW, "Cerebral lactate detected by regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a patient with cerebral infarction", Stroke, 19, pp.1556~1560 (1988)
  82. Bruhn H, "Cerebral metabolism in man after acute stroke: new observations using localized proton NMR spectroscopy", Magn Reson Med, 9, pp.126~131 (1989)
  83. Tekkök SB, "Transfer of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to axons via specific monocarboxylate transporters supports mouse optic nerve activity", J Neurosci Res, 81, pp.644~652 (2005)
  84. Fünfschilling U, "Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity", Nature, 485, pp.517~521 (2012)
  85. Pasantes-Morales H, "Role of taurine in osmoregulation in brain cells: mechanisms and functional implications", Amino Acids, 12, pp.281~292 (1997)
  86. Foos TM, "The role of taurine in the central nervous system and the modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis", Neurochem Res, 27, pp.21~26 (2002)
  87. Askwith T, "Oxidative stress and dysregulation of the taurine transporter in high-glucose-exposed human Schwann cells: implications for pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy", Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 297, pp.E620~E628 (2009)
  88. Askwith T, "Taurine reduces nitrosative stress and nitric oxide synthase expression in high glucose-exposed human Schwann cells", Exp Neurol, 233, pp.154~162 (2012)
  89. Pascual JM, "Time course of early metabolic changes following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats as detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy", J Neurotrauma, 24, pp.944~959 (2007)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)