태우는 생활화학제품(향초와 인센스 스틱)의 사용이 실내 공기질에 미치는 영향
Effects on Indoor Air Quality of Burning Chemicals (Scented Candles and Incense Sticks)
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: The use of scented candles and incense sticks, both of which are household products that are burned for indoor deodorization and calming effects, is increasing. Fine dust has been designated as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect air pollution and can cause diseases. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect on indoor air quality by measuring PM2.5 a nd VOCs generated when burning scented candles and incense sticks. Methods: Scented candles and incense sticks were selected as household products to burn. As for the target sample, top-selling products (five types of scented candles, five types of incense sticks) were purchased online. The PM2.5 concentration according to time was measured immediately next to the sample and three meters away from each other in an enclosed space using a real-time aerosol photometer. VOCs were collected as samples under the same conditions using Tenax tubes and were quantitatively analyzed by TD-GC/MS. Results: In the case of scented candles, the concentration of PM2.5 did not increase during combustion and after being extinguished by placing a cover on the candle. For the incense sticks, the concentration of PM2.5 averaged 1,901.27 µg/m3. After burning scented candles and incense sticks, some VOCs concentrations were increased such as ethyl acetate and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene). Conclusions: Therefore, when using scented candles, extinguishment by placing a cover on the candle can be expected to reduce PM2.5. It is advisable to avoid using incense sticks because PM2.5 concentration increases from the start of combustion.
Abstract
Background: The use of scented candles and incense sticks, both of which are household products that are burned for indoor deodorization and calming effects, is increasing. Fine dust has been designated as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect air pollution and can cause diseases. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect on indoor air quality by measuring PM2.5 a nd VOCs generated when burning scented candles and incense sticks. Methods: Scented candles and incense sticks were selected as household products to burn. As for the target sample, top-selling products (five types of scented candles, five types of incense sticks) were purchased online. The PM2.5 concentration according to time was measured immediately next to the sample and three meters away from each other in an enclosed space using a real-time aerosol photometer. VOCs were collected as samples under the same conditions using Tenax tubes and were quantitatively analyzed by TD-GC/MS. Results: In the case of scented candles, the concentration of PM2.5 did not increase during combustion and after being extinguished by placing a cover on the candle. For the incense sticks, the concentration of PM2.5 averaged 1,901.27 µg/m3. After burning scented candles and incense sticks, some VOCs concentrations were increased such as ethyl acetate and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene). Conclusions: Therefore, when using scented candles, extinguishment by placing a cover on the candle can be expected to reduce PM2.5. It is advisable to avoid using incense sticks because PM2.5 concentration increases from the start of combustion.
참고문헌 (21)
- Jo WK, "Assessment of organic compounds emission from consumer products in an environmental chamber system", J Korean Soc Atmos Environ, 23, pp.39~46 (2007)
- Jo WK, "Emission estimation and exposure to hazardous gaseous pollutants associated with use of air fresheners indoors", J Environ Toxicol, 24(2), pp.137~148 (2009)
- Eom YS, "The effect of indoor human activities on indoor concentration of size-resolved particles in residential housing unit", Proc Fall Annu Conf AIK, 36(2), pp.1369~1370 (2016)
- World Health Organization (WHO), "WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide", WHO, ~ (2021)
- Utell MJ, "Acute health effects of ambient air pollution : the ultrafine particle hypothesis", J Aerosol Med, 13(4), pp.355~359 (2000)
- Choi JK, "Harmfulness of particulate matter in disease progression", J Life Sci, 30(2), pp.191~201 (2020)
- Shin DC, "Health effects of ambient particulate matter", J Korean Med Assoc, 50(2), pp.175~182 (2007)
- Kim GH, "Protective effect of Codium fragile extract on fine dust (PM2.5)-induced toxicity in nasal cavity, lung, and brain cells", Korean J Food Sci Technol, 53(2), pp.223~229 (2021)
- Park J, "Characteristics of PM2.5 organic extracts from Seoul and Beijing on human lung epithelial cells", Paper presented at: Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 64th Annual Conference 2021 Proceedings, pp.378~ (2021)
- Kim J, "Heavy metals in air emission and assessment of human toxicity footprint", J Korean Soc Environ Eng, 43(9), pp.614~622 (2021)
- Singh A, "Beyond aromatherapy : illuminating the underappreciated risks associated with scented candle exposure", Environ Sci Technol, 57(41), pp.15299~15300 (2023)
- Andersen C, "Emissions of soot, PAHs, ultrafine particles, NOx, and other health relevant compounds from stressed burning of candles in indoor air", Indoor Air, 31(6), pp.2033~2048 (2021)
- Kim JW, "Analysis of VOCs and cytotoxicity of dyedecolorizing oxidizers", J Korea Soc Beauty Art, 21(2), pp.201~210 (2020)
- Kim T, "A study on the distribution characteristics of formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and airborne bacteria in indoor play centers", J Environ Anal Health Toxicol, 25(4), pp.117~131 (2022)
- Salthammer T, "Measurement and evaluation of gaseous and particulate emissions from burning scented and unscented candles", Environ Int, 155, pp.106590~ (2021)
- Hwang SH, "Evaluation of PM10, CO2, airborne bacteria, TVOCs, and formaldehyde in facilities for susceptible populations in South Korea", Environ Pollut, 242(Pt A), pp.700~708 (2018)
- Kesselmeier J, "Biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOC) : an overview on emission, physiology and ecology", J Atmos Chem, 33(1), pp.23~88 (1999)
- Kim S, "Characterization of air freshener emission : the potential health effects", J Toxicol Sci, 40(5), pp.535~550 (2015)
- Kim J, "Analysis of fine dust generation by indoor activities in residential building", Paper presented at: Proceedings of the Society of Air-conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea 2016Winter Annual Conference, pp.261~264 (2016)
- Park S, "Particulate matter generation in daily activities and removal effect by ventilation methods in residential building", Air Qual Atmos Health, 14(10), pp.1665~1680 (2021)
- Lim HJ, "Evaluation of the combustion chamber for burning candle and measuring the emission factor of its’ combustion products", Anal Sci Technol, 28(3), pp.236~245 (2015)