Identification of silver vine, Actinidia polygama flower bud gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Korea and its ecological traits
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The mature galled flower buds of the silver vine Actinidia polygama (Actinidiaceae) are used in traditional oriental medicine in Korea. In Japan, a similar gall maker of A. polygama is Pseudasphondylia matatabi. However, few taxonomic studies exist on gall makers in Korea. Comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that the Korean specimens were identical to P. matatabi from Japan. Morphological characteristics, particularly the male genital structure and pupal horn morphology, matched the original description from Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the DNA barcode region revealed that the Korean and Japanese populations formed a monophyletic clade distinctly separated from other congeners, including the recently described P. kiwiphila from Taiwan, which induces galls in A. rufa. Life history observations showed that adult emergence occurred from September to October, when no suitable oviposition sites were available for the deciduous host plant, suggesting the existence of an unknown winter host plant.
Abstract
The mature galled flower buds of the silver vine Actinidia polygama (Actinidiaceae) are used in traditional oriental medicine in Korea. In Japan, a similar gall maker of A. polygama is Pseudasphondylia matatabi. However, few taxonomic studies exist on gall makers in Korea. Comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses confirmed that the Korean specimens were identical to P. matatabi from Japan. Morphological characteristics, particularly the male genital structure and pupal horn morphology, matched the original description from Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the DNA barcode region revealed that the Korean and Japanese populations formed a monophyletic clade distinctly separated from other congeners, including the recently described P. kiwiphila from Taiwan, which induces galls in A. rufa. Life history observations showed that adult emergence occurred from September to October, when no suitable oviposition sites were available for the deciduous host plant, suggesting the existence of an unknown winter host plant.