상실의 시대, 일본 <햄릿>의 탈출구: 니나가와 유키오와 미야기 사토시의 <햄릿>을 중점으로

Abstract

There are two ‘ages of loss’ in modern Japanese history. One is the loss caused by the defeat in World War II. The other is the age of economic loss. The pain of loss that Japan has experienced is expressed in the works of Hamlet by two Japanese directors, Yukio Ninagawa and Satoshi Miyagi. In Miyagi’s Hamlet, the scene where Horatio kneels and delivers his lines while hearing the sound of American bombers reminds us of the message of the Japanese emperor declaring unconditional surrender. In Ninagawa’s Hamlet, the scene where Fortinbras appears at the end of the play depicts the image of helpless young men during the time of economic loss in Japan. Ninagawa combines Shakespeare’s plot with the characteristics of traditional Japanese theater, Kabuki and Noh. In particular, the pictorial elements of the stage set and the excellent mise-en-scène are praised by Western critics. Miyagi and Ninagawa’s Shakespearean works can be seen as an expression of Asia’s desire to enjoy Western high culture. They achieved a certain degree of globalization of Shakespeare beyond the Japanization of Shakespeare.