고려 후기 불교 우언과 전기우언

Abstract

However many Buddistic allegory works in the latter part of Goryeo dynasty are transmitted, the related researches are few. On refleciton of this, I started to study the works of Muyiza Heshim and Shikyoungam Yeonkam. Heshim in the <Ki-shanaega> personified the human mind through a virtual bird called as ‘anxiety-joy bird’, allegorized the principle of poverty and achievement. Yeonkam in the <a explanation of sword> told the sword of Tathagata, Bodhisattva and the spiritual patriarch, lastly the sword of practitioner as the basis of those, through the parody of the chapter 「stotytelling of sword」 of Zhuang-zi’s. Also <a biography of Mr. Bamboo master> and <a biography of Mr. Ice practitioner> of Heshim’s, <a biography of Mr. Ding attendant of master> of Yeonkam’s are the highest level of Buddistic allegory in this period. These played a decisive role to establish the concept of mode of biographical allegory, which are inherited the traditions of Lim-Chun and Lee-Gyubo. Each were estimated to be written at a.d.1229(the author age 51 years old), in the meantime from a.d.1229 to a.d.1234(the author’s death age), and a.d.1325(the author age 45 years old). In the three works were allegorized the meaning of a master, a practitioner, and a attendant of master in the Ch’an Buddhism, relying to the authentic precedentes of a bamboo, a ice, and a Dharma staff. And there are alluded that Bamboo master as the Sixth Pariarch Huineng, Ice practitioner as the author Heshim himself, and Deng attendant of master as the position of the author YeonKam himself and his circumstance. Eventually, in the 3 works we can read the allegorized meaning as the spirit of mentor-student relationship in the Southern Ch’an School, the way of his own ascetic life and value orientation of the author, and the general value of integrating Confucianism and Buddhism.