The effect of 4,4'-bis(N,Ndiethylamino) benzophenone on the degree of conversion in liquid photopolymer for dental 3D printing
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PURPOSE. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,Ndiethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinoneamine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ø5 mm × 1 mm) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: 840 mW/cm2) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (α=.05). RESULTS. In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION. The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone–mine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.
Abstract
PURPOSE. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,Ndiethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinoneamine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ø5 mm × 1 mm) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: 840 mW/cm2) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (α=.05). RESULTS. In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION. The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone–mine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.
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