1748년 강원지역 喚醒系 鞭羊門中의 寶月寺 佛事와 조각승 印性·緇俊

Abstract

The creation of late Joseon Dynasty Buddhist sculptures involved not only skilled monk-sculptors but also the monks and patrons in the temples participating in bulsa. Therefore, to fully understand the background and process of sculpture creation, it is necessary to examine the sculptures themselves, the monk-sculptors who made them, and the monk clans that acted as “planners” of bulsa. In this regard, this paper sheds light on the Pyeonyang Dharma Clan and the monk-sculptors Inseong and Chijun, who led the 1748 Bowol-sa Temple bulsa, based on the Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha of Baekdam-sa Temple and its excavated documents. The Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha of Baekdam-sa Temple was originally created in 1748 at Bowol-sa Temple in Gangwon Province and enshrined in the Main Hall as one of the trinity of Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, and Bhaisajyaguru Buddha. Bowol-sa Temple was a temple where Pyeonyang Dharma Clan lived for generations in the late Joseon Dynasty. In 1748, a bulsa project for five statues and nine paintings was conducted under the leadership of Hwawolseongnul. Hwawolseongnul, who was a disciple of Hwanseong Jian and had a regional base in Gangwon Province, initiated this bulsa project. The project drew participation from many members of the Pyeonyang Dharma Clan who were residing in the Gangwon region at the time, including Hoam Chejeong and Manhwa Wono. Meanwhile, chief monk-sculptor Inseong and second-place monk-sculptor Chijun, who played pivotal roles in the creation of Buddhist sculptures, have various activities confirmed through records[Balwonmun], uigwe, temple chronicles, and writings. Inseong, who participated in female patronage bulsa near the capital city, also served as a monk-artisan in the royal service as part of Bukhansanseong. He was involved in creating Buddhist sculptures at Pyeonyang Dharma Clan's temple in Gangwon, Bowol-sa Temple, as well as at Gimhwa Sutae-sa Temple. Chijun was the second-place monk-sculptor in all bulsa projects led by the chief monk-sculptor Inseong. He collaborated with the Pyeonyang Dharma Clan in Gangwon's northern region and participated in bulsa projects, even playing a leading role in some. Considering the activities of these two monk-sculptors, it is presumed that Chijun played a mediating role in Inseong's participation in the Bowol-sa Temple bulsa, which was conducted by the Pyeonyang Dharma Clan in Gangwon's northern region. Furthermore, Due to the large scale of the bulsa, it can be inferred that along with Inseong and Chijun, other monk-sculptors, as well as monk-artisans from Bukhansanseong who worked with Inseong, also participated in the projects. This paper has shed light on Gangwon’s Pyeonyang Dharma Clan, who planned the 1748 Bowol-sa Temple bulsa, as well as monk-sculptors Inseong and Chijun, who were active in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon areas, through records related to the Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha of Baekdam-sa Temple. This is significant as it lays the foundation for understanding the monk clans and monk-sculptors in 18th-century Gangwon's northern bulsa, which have disappeared and been forgotten due to the Korean War and division of Korea. Additionally, this paper highlights how late Joseon Dynasty monk-sculptors not only served as monk-sculptors but also participated in the creation of Buddhist sculptures within a multifaceted network that included relationships within the monk community and beyond, such as performing royal tasks in Namhansanseong and Bukhansanseong under the national system.