The Relationship between Smoking Level and Metabolic Syndrome in Male Health Check-up Examinees over 40 Years of Age
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Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and metabolic syndrome in men.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,852 men over age 40 who underwent health screening from April 2009 to December 2010. We classified them into three smoking levels as non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smoker, considering their smoking status (non, ex, current) and amount (0, 1–29, ≥30 pack year [PYR]). The relationship between smoking level and metabolic syndrome was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, after covariates (age, body mass index, education, house income, alcohol intake, and physical activity) were controlled.Results: The proportions of non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smokers were 31.8%, 56.2%, and 12.0%, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome were 1.0, 1.58 (1.09–2.23), 1.92 (1.29–2.81) in non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smokers, respectively. For heavy-smokers compared with non-smokers, ORs and 95% CIs of a lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher triglyceride, and higher fasting glucose were 2.47 (1.63–3.74), 1.71 (1.17–2.52), and 1.43 (1.02–2.00), respectively. In current-smokers, we divided into three subgroups according to PYR, and compared with 1–19 PYR, ORs and 95% CIs of 20–29 PYR and ≥30 PYR for metabolic syndrome were 2.07 (1.14–3.74) and 3.06 (1.66–5.62), respectively.Conclusion: This study showed a positive dose-response relationship between smoking level and metabolic syndrome in men.
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and metabolic syndrome in men.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,852 men over age 40 who underwent health screening from April 2009 to December 2010. We classified them into three smoking levels as non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smoker, considering their smoking status (non, ex, current) and amount (0, 1–29, ≥30 pack year [PYR]). The relationship between smoking level and metabolic syndrome was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, after covariates (age, body mass index, education, house income, alcohol intake, and physical activity) were controlled.Results: The proportions of non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smokers were 31.8%, 56.2%, and 12.0%, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome were 1.0, 1.58 (1.09–2.23), 1.92 (1.29–2.81) in non-, intermediate-, and heavy-smokers, respectively. For heavy-smokers compared with non-smokers, ORs and 95% CIs of a lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher triglyceride, and higher fasting glucose were 2.47 (1.63–3.74), 1.71 (1.17–2.52), and 1.43 (1.02–2.00), respectively. In current-smokers, we divided into three subgroups according to PYR, and compared with 1–19 PYR, ORs and 95% CIs of 20–29 PYR and ≥30 PYR for metabolic syndrome were 2.07 (1.14–3.74) and 3.06 (1.66–5.62), respectively.Conclusion: This study showed a positive dose-response relationship between smoking level and metabolic syndrome in men.
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