Exocentric Compounds, Language and Proto-language
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In this paper, I discuss cross-linguistic evidence showing that the internal structure of exocentric VN compounds is asymmetrical, in the sense that the V is hierarchically prominent with respect to the N. Evidence from the Romance languages as well as other languages, where phrasal constituents, as well as adverbs are part of exocentric compounds brings empirical evidence in support of exocentric compounds as hierarchically structured. Hence they cannot be derived by concatenation or Proto-Merge (Jackendoff 1999, 2002), which would assign a flat structure to these expressions, as it has been argued in the gradualist view of language evolution (Progovac and Locke 2009). I argue that the hierarchical structure of exocentric compounds is that of a relative clause, and thus it is derived by the recursive application of Merge (External and Internal). If this is the case, it is expected that the V has inflectional features and that a complement or an adjunct as well as a phrasal constituent can be generated in these constructs. I discuss experimental results bearing on the difference in the acceptability of novel complement-V vs. adjunct-V compounds in English. These results support the hypothesis that hierarchical rather than linear proximity is relevant in the processing of compounds. They also support the emergent view of language
Abstract
In this paper, I discuss cross-linguistic evidence showing that the internal structure of exocentric VN compounds is asymmetrical, in the sense that the V is hierarchically prominent with respect to the N. Evidence from the Romance languages as well as other languages, where phrasal constituents, as well as adverbs are part of exocentric compounds brings empirical evidence in support of exocentric compounds as hierarchically structured. Hence they cannot be derived by concatenation or Proto-Merge (Jackendoff 1999, 2002), which would assign a flat structure to these expressions, as it has been argued in the gradualist view of language evolution (Progovac and Locke 2009). I argue that the hierarchical structure of exocentric compounds is that of a relative clause, and thus it is derived by the recursive application of Merge (External and Internal). If this is the case, it is expected that the V has inflectional features and that a complement or an adjunct as well as a phrasal constituent can be generated in these constructs. I discuss experimental results bearing on the difference in the acceptability of novel complement-V vs. adjunct-V compounds in English. These results support the hypothesis that hierarchical rather than linear proximity is relevant in the processing of compounds. They also support the emergent view of language
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