Comparative Study of Prophetic Call and Shamanic Call and Its Implications for Christian Missionary Call
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The cultural anthropological study of the religious specialists identifies two particular types—prophet and shaman—as those who are specially acknowledged for their understanding and experience of supernatural call. Although their orientations may be differentiated—the prophet approaches the people on behalf of the supernatural, while the shaman approaches the supernatural on behalf of the people—both are engaged in specialized works based on their sense of inspirational call. Thus the prophetic type and shamanic type serve as distinct paradigms of supernatural call, and provide a much needed challenge to the Christian understanding of divine call. Of course, the Christian concept of divine call finds its precedent in the biblical prophets (and apostles). However, by comparing the biblical prophetic concept of divine call with the shamanic concept of spiritual call, the distinct nature of the biblical model of prophetic call may be more sharply accentuated. The purpose of this thesis, then, is to compare the concept of supernatural call in the cases of the biblical prophets and the worldly shamans, and to draw some significant implications for the present-day missionary call. The common characteristic of supernatural initiative has a general implication for the Christian missionaries in their understanding of the nature of divine call. But what distinguishes the biblical prophetic call from the shamanic call is that there is an added dimension of specific “commission,” and this commission element has a further implication for the Christian missionaries in terms of understanding the specific content and direction regarding their call. Moreover, we must remember that the biblical prophets, in clear distinction from their shamanic counterparts, exercised their call/commission with the highest standard of “ethical monotheism,” and this pietistic dimension certainly has a missional implication of fulfilling the divine call/commission in a relationally faithful and morally responsible way. The outline of the thesis, then, is as follows: (1) biblical prophetic call/commission; (2) shamanic call phenomenon; (2) comparative analysis (of prophetic call and shamanic call); and (4) implications for missionary call.
Abstract
The cultural anthropological study of the religious specialists identifies two particular types—prophet and shaman—as those who are specially acknowledged for their understanding and experience of supernatural call. Although their orientations may be differentiated—the prophet approaches the people on behalf of the supernatural, while the shaman approaches the supernatural on behalf of the people—both are engaged in specialized works based on their sense of inspirational call. Thus the prophetic type and shamanic type serve as distinct paradigms of supernatural call, and provide a much needed challenge to the Christian understanding of divine call. Of course, the Christian concept of divine call finds its precedent in the biblical prophets (and apostles). However, by comparing the biblical prophetic concept of divine call with the shamanic concept of spiritual call, the distinct nature of the biblical model of prophetic call may be more sharply accentuated. The purpose of this thesis, then, is to compare the concept of supernatural call in the cases of the biblical prophets and the worldly shamans, and to draw some significant implications for the present-day missionary call. The common characteristic of supernatural initiative has a general implication for the Christian missionaries in their understanding of the nature of divine call. But what distinguishes the biblical prophetic call from the shamanic call is that there is an added dimension of specific “commission,” and this commission element has a further implication for the Christian missionaries in terms of understanding the specific content and direction regarding their call. Moreover, we must remember that the biblical prophets, in clear distinction from their shamanic counterparts, exercised their call/commission with the highest standard of “ethical monotheism,” and this pietistic dimension certainly has a missional implication of fulfilling the divine call/commission in a relationally faithful and morally responsible way. The outline of the thesis, then, is as follows: (1) biblical prophetic call/commission; (2) shamanic call phenomenon; (2) comparative analysis (of prophetic call and shamanic call); and (4) implications for missionary call.
참고문헌 (54)
- Amalraj, John, "Spirituality in Mission: Embracing the Lifelong Journey" (2018), William Carey Library Publishing
- Basilov, Vladimir, "Shamanic Worlds:Rituals and Lores of Siberia and Central Asia", pp.3~48 (1997), Sharpe
- Bediako, Guilliano M, "Primal Religion and the Bible : William Robertson Smith and His Heritage" (1997), Sheffield Academic Press
- Carroll, Robert, "When Prophecy Failed: Cognitive Dissonance in the Prophetic Traditions of the Old Testament" (1979), Seabury Press
- Culley, Robert C, "Anthropological Perspectives on Old Testament Prophecy (Special Issue, Semeia 21)" (1981), Society of Biblical Literature
- Eliade, Mircea, "Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy" (1964), Princeton University Press
- Freeman, Hobart E, "An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets" (1968), Moody Press
- Gentile, Ernest B, "Your Sons and Daughters Shall Prophesy:Prophetic Gifts in Ministry Today" (1999), Chosen Books
- Habel, Norman, "The Form and Significance of the Call Narratives", ZAW, 77, pp.297~323 (1965)
- Hafemann, Scott J, "Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel" (1995), Hendrickson Publishers
- Harner, Michael, "The Way of Shaman" (1990), Harper and Row
- Heschel, Abraham, "The Prophets. Vol. 2" (1962), Harper and Row
- Hiebert, Paul G, "Understanding Folk Religion:A Christian Response to Popular Beliefs and Practices", pp.323~346 (1999), Baker Books
- Jensen, Adolf, "Beschneidung und Reifezeremonien bei Naturvölkern" (1933), August Schröder
- Jensen, L. Paul, "Subversive Spirituality: Transforming Mission through the Collapse of Space and Time" (2009), Pickwick Publishing
- 김다니엘, "Biblical Prophetic Call", Commission and Its Implications for Missionary Call, 복음과 선교, pp.2017, 40(4)[DOI]
- Kim, Daniel J, "The Quest for Authentic Prophetic Authority: A Biblical Theology of Divine Commission", 박사, pp.2002
- Kroeber, Alfred L, "The Nature of Culture", pp.310~319 (1952), University of Chicago Press
- Lang, Bernhard, "Anthropological Approaches to the Old Testament" (1985), Fortress Press
- Lester L. Grabbe, "Priests, Prophets, Diviners, Sages: A Socio-Historical Study of Religious Specialists in Ancient Israel" (1995), Trinity Press International
- Lessa, William A, "Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach" (1972), Harper and Row
- Lewis, Ioan M, "Ecstatic Religion: An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism" (1971), Penguin Books
- Lindblom, Johannes, "Prophecy in Ancient Israel" (1962), Fortress Press
- Long, Burke O, "Prophetic Call Traditions and Reports of Visions", ZAW, 84(1972), pp.494~500 (1972)
- Long, Burke O, "Reports of Visions Among the Prophets", JBL, 95(3), pp.353~365 (1976)
- Ma, Wonsuk, "Mission Spirituality and Authentic Discipleship" (2013), Regnum Books International
- Nachtigall, Horst, "The Realm of the Extra-Human: Agents and Audiences", pp.315~322 (1976), Mouton Publishers
- Norbeck, Edward, "Religion in Primitive Society", pp.101~124 (1961), Harper and Row
- Overholt, Thomas W, "Prophecy in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Sourcebook for Biblical Researchers" (1986), Scholars Press
- Overholt, Thomas W, "Channels of Prophecy: The Social Dynamics of Prophetic Activity" (1989), Fortress Press
- Overholt, Thomas W, "Primitive Religion:Its Nature and Origin", pp.15~39 (1937), Dover Publication
- Petersen, David L, "The Roles of Israel’s Prophets" (1981), JSOT Press
- Radin, Paul, "Primitive Religion: Its Nature and Origin", pp.15~39 (1957), Dover Publications
- Reilly, Michael Collins, "Missionary Spirituality" (1978), Orbis Books
- Shirokogorov, Sergei M, "Psychomental Complex of the Tungus" (1935), Kegan Paul, Trench, and Trubner
- Smith, William Robertson, "The Prophets of Israel and their Place in History to the Close of the Eighth Century B.C" (1882), A & C Black
- Sternberg, Leo, "Divine Election in Primitive Religion (including material on different tribes of N. E. Asia and America)", Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, 21, pp.472~512 (1924)
- Taylor, William D, "Too Valuable to Lose: Exploring the Cause and Cures of Missionary Attrition" (1997), William Carey Library Publishing
- Tidwell, N. L. A, "WAOMAR (Zech 3:5) and the Genre of Zechariah’s Fourth Vision", JBL, 94, pp.343~345 (1975)
- Torrance, Robert M, "The Spiritual Quest: Transcendence in Myth, Religion, and Science" (1994), University of California Press
- Townsend, Joan B, "Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook", pp.429~469 (1997), Greenwood Press
- Turner, Victor W, "International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 3", pp.437~444 (1968), Free Press
- Vallier, Ivan A, "International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 13", pp.444~453 (1968), Free Press
- Wallace, Anthony, "Religion, an Anthropological View" (1966), Random House
- Weber, Max, "The Theory of Social and Economic Organization" (1947), Oxford University Press
- Weber, Max, "The Sociology of Religion" (1963), Beacon Press
- Wilson, Robert R, "Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel" (1980), Fortress Press
- Wood, Leon J, "The Prophets of Israel" (1979), Baker Books
- Young, Edward J, "My Servants the Prophets" (1952), Eerdmans Publishing
- Zimmerli, Walter, "Ezekiel: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel" (1979), Fortress Press
- 신경구, "선교적 영성의 개념과 의미", 복음과 선교, 3, pp.183~218 (2003)
- 신경구, "선교적 영성형성의 과정", 복음과 선교, 4, pp.285~316 (2004)
- 신경구, "선교적 영성의 성경적 모형", 복음과 선교, 5, pp.144~169 (2005)
- 이수환, "선교사를 위한 선교적 영성에 대한 연구", 복음과 선교, 33(1), pp.89~123 (2016), 한국복음주의선교신학회[DOI]