과학 수업의 혼성공간에서 드러나는 중학생의 지식자본 및 교수학습 특성: 7학년 생명 영역을 중심으로
Funds of Knowledge and Features of Teaching and Learning in the Hybrid Space of Middle School Science Class: Focus on 7th grade Biology
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학습자가 가진 문화와 자원을 수업의 중심 자원으로 이끌어내고자하는 노력은, 학습자에게 보다 호응할 수 있는 교수학습을 모색하는연구자들에게 중요한 단초를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 과학수업의 혼성적 공간에서 학습자들이 드러내는 지식자본으로는 어떤 것이있는지 살펴보고, 이같은 지식자본이 자발적 과정을 통해 수업 상황으로 유입되고, 수업의 핵심적 자원으로 작용하려면 어떠한 교수적 지원이 뒷받침되어야 하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 7학년 ‘주변의 생물’, ‘식물과 영양’ 단원에서의 실제 수업 상황에서 5개월에 걸친참여관찰을 수행하였고, 학습자의 지식자본이 가장 활발하게 부상하는 수업을 추출하였으며, 근거이론에 기반한 지속적 비교분석법을 이용하여 수집된 자료를 범주화 하였다. 연구 결과, 학생의 지식자본은가정, 지역공동체, 또래문화, 대중문화 등의 4가지 기반에서 근거한것으로 범주화할 수 있었으며, 특히 또래문화와 관련된 지식자본이학습자의 보다 활발한 발화 및 참여를 촉진하는 것으로 드러났다. 또이와 같은 지식자본이 수업 상황으로 보다 적극적으로 유입되기 위해서는 혼성적 수업 환경의 제공과 더불어 유입된 지식자본의 보편성,지식자본의 공유와 확장, 그리고 지식의 공동 구성 및 공유라고 하는실행공동체의 지향이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이 같은교수학습적 특성에 기반하여, 학습자가 가진 ‘잠재적 수업자원’으로서의 지식자본을 어떻게 ‘실질적인 수업의 자원’으로 끌어올릴 수 있을것인지에 대한 교육적 함의를 제시하였다. 학습자의 지식자본을 기반으로 한 수업은 전통적인 수업에서 점점 소외되고 있는 다양한 비참여자들을 포함하여 학습자들을 보다 적극적으로 수업으로 초대할 수 있는 발판이 되어준다. 또한 학습자의 삶에서 비롯된 경험과 과학 지식의혼성적 상호작용을 통하여 지식의 공동 구성을 가능하게 하며, 보다유의미한 학습 경험으로 자리 잡을 수 있게 한다는 데 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
Extracting students’ own culture and resources as main sources in science class, we begin a researchto explore teaching and learning settings that are more responsive to adolescents. This study has beendesigned to explore the funds of knowledge that students bring into middle school science class. It alsofocused on the features of teaching and learning settings that stimulated the autonomous inflow of students'funds of knowledge as resources of science learning. Data from participant observations and in-depthinterviews with 7th grade students were qualitatively analyzed based on grounded theory. We foundthat students’ funds of knowledge were formed from their family life, neighbor communities, peer group,and pop culture. The funds of knowledge based on peer culture emerged as the most salient factor ofstudents’ enhanced participation and utterance. Common features of classes that stimulated the inflowof funds of knowledge were analyzed to be: (1) hybrid spaces for learning designed in advance: (2)sharing and enlargement of the funds of knowledge that has been brought into the class: and (3) commonorientation of the community of practice for knowledge co-construction and shared outcomes. From thesefindings, this paper discussed the educational implications for promoting students’ potential resourcesto actual sources of science class. It also discussed students' development of participation specificallyamong the generally marginalized students. Science classes based on the funds of knowledge of studentsoffer an increased possibility of knowledge co-construction through the hybridized interactions of student'severyday lives and science knowledge and lead to more meaningful learning experiences.
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