「J. 알프레드 프루프록의 연가」 - ‘일탈적’ 남성성
“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” - Prufrock’s ‘Deviant’ Masculinity
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Based on Kaja Silverman’s theory, this essay argues that Eliot’s modernist antihero Prufrock, a man with a very marginal subjectivity, embodies Silverman's concept of “deviant” masculinity. By “deviant” Silverman means masculinities that offer “perverse” alternatives to normative phallic masculinity. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” explores anxieties regarding failed masculine performances, which reveal a larger crisis of meaning. This poem centers on male lack, specifically Prufrock’s inability to perform as a masculine figure. Frustrated by his poor self-image, his inadequate physical appearance, and his inability to speak to women, Prufrock is struck by his own inadequacy. He ultimately fails in his attempt to perform the masculinity ascribed to him. Prufrock exemplifies Silverman’s notion that countless masculinities deviate from society’s dominant fiction. As Silverman calls into question the notion of male subjectivity as one defined by mastery and sufficiency, Prufrock cannot view himself as masterful or sufficient. Prufrock’s sense of impotent inferiority, isolation, self-abased inferiority complex, hesitation, indetermination, timidity, and other fatal weaknesses challenge the ultimate authority and potency of the male subject.
Abstract
Based on Kaja Silverman’s theory, this essay argues that Eliot’s modernist antihero Prufrock, a man with a very marginal subjectivity, embodies Silverman's concept of “deviant” masculinity. By “deviant” Silverman means masculinities that offer “perverse” alternatives to normative phallic masculinity. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” explores anxieties regarding failed masculine performances, which reveal a larger crisis of meaning. This poem centers on male lack, specifically Prufrock’s inability to perform as a masculine figure. Frustrated by his poor self-image, his inadequate physical appearance, and his inability to speak to women, Prufrock is struck by his own inadequacy. He ultimately fails in his attempt to perform the masculinity ascribed to him. Prufrock exemplifies Silverman’s notion that countless masculinities deviate from society’s dominant fiction. As Silverman calls into question the notion of male subjectivity as one defined by mastery and sufficiency, Prufrock cannot view himself as masterful or sufficient. Prufrock’s sense of impotent inferiority, isolation, self-abased inferiority complex, hesitation, indetermination, timidity, and other fatal weaknesses challenge the ultimate authority and potency of the male subject.
참고문헌 (32)
- 장근영, "21세기 T. S. 엘리엇", pp.368~387 (2014)
- 토마스 퀴네, "남성의 역사" (2001), 솔
- Brooker, Jewel Spears, "Substitutes for Christianity in the Poetry of T. S. Eliot", The Southern Review, 21(4), pp.899~913 (1985)[DOI]
- Brooks, Cleanth, "Understanding Poetry" (1960), Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Canadas, Ivan, "Dennis Brutus’s ‘I am the exile’ and T. S. Eliot’s ‘Prufrock.’", Notes and Queries, 65(3), pp.438~440 (2018)[DOI]
- Chaudhuri, Shohini, "Feminist Film Theorists: Laura Mulvey, Kaja Silverman, Teresa de Lauretis, Barbara Creed" (2006), Routledge
- Chinitz, David E., "T. S. Eliot and the Cultural Divide" (2005), U of Chicago P
- Christ, Carol, "T. S. Eliot: The Modernist in History", pp.23~37 (1991), Cambridge UP
- Clifton, Brian, "Textual Frustration: The Sonnet and Gender Performance in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.’", Journal of Modern Literature, 42(1), pp.65~76 (2018)[DOI]
- Cooper, John Xiros, "The Cambridge Introduction to T. S. Eliot. Cambridge" (2006), Cambridge UP
- Creed, Barbara, "The Monstrous-Feminine : Film, Feminism, Psychoanalysis" (1983), Routledge
- DuPlesis, Rachel Blau, "T. S. Eliot in Context", pp.295~304 (2011), Cambridge UP
- Peter A. Edwards, "Review of Male Subjectivity at the Margins", 영미문학페미니즘, 6(2), pp.201~209 (1998), 한국영미문학페미니즘학회
- Eliot, T. S., "The Poems of T. S. Eliot. 2 vols" (2015), Johns Hopkins UP
- Freer, Scott, "Screening ‘Prufrock’: What the Mermaids Sin", Adaptation: The Journal of Literature on Screen Studies, 12(1), pp.27~43 (2019)[DOI]
- Freud, Sigmund, "Sexuality and The Psychology of Love", pp.202~203 (1997), Touchstone Book
- Giles, Paul, "Virtual Americas : Transnational Fictions and the Transatlantic Imaginary" (2002), Duke UP
- Goldman, Jane, "Modernism, 1910–1945: Image to Apocalypse" (2004), Palgrave Macmillan
- Laity, Cassandra, "H. D. and A. C. Swinburne: Decadence and Modernist Women’s Writing", Feminist Studies, 15(3), pp.461~484 (1989)[DOI]
- Laity, Cassandra, "Gender, Desire, and Sexuality in T. S. Eliot" (2004), Cambridge UP
- Matthews, Steven, "T. S. Eliot and Early Modern Literature" (2013), Oxford UP
- Matthiessen, F. O., "The Achievement of T. S. Eliot: An Essay on the Nature of Poetry" (1959), Oxford UP
- Maxwell, D. E. S., "Critics on T. S. Eliot : Readings in Literary Criticism", pp.11~20 (1973), Allen and Unwin
- Pearce, Roy Harvey, "The Continuity of American Poetry" (1961), Princeton UP
- Peberdy, Donna, "Masculinity and Film: Male Angst in Contemporary American Cinema" (2011), Palgrave Macmillan
- Quirke, Antonia, "Not What He Meant at All", New Statesman, 144(5266), pp.59~ (2015)[DOI]
- Sarker, Sunil Kumar, "T. S. Eliot : Poetry, Plays and Prose" (2008), Atlantic
- Silverman, Kaja, "Male Subjectivity at the Margins" (1992), Routledge
- Silverman, Kaja, "Feminism and Film", pp.100~118 (2000), Oxford UP
- Shapiro, Karl Jay, "In Defense of Ignorance" (1965), Vintage Book
- Trotter, David, "T. S. Eliot and Cinema", Modernism, 2006, pp.13(2), 237~265
- Wei, Longxing, "T. S. Eliot’s ‘Obscurity’ in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 5(4), pp.38~47 (2016)