서울 정릉리 주민들의 6·25전쟁 경험－김성칠의 일기자료 『역사 앞에서』를 중심으로

Abstract

This study deals with the experiences of the Korean War among residents of Jeongneung-ri(currently Jeongneung-dong), Seoul. The basic research material is the diary written by Kim Seong-chil. In addition, oral data from local residents were also used as research material. Kim Sung-chil was a historian and professor at Seoul National University. He lived in Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul from 1947 to 1950. He fled to Busan in December 1950 and died in the fall of 1952. His diary written from the liberation of Korea to just before his death was published entitled as "In front of History". It is now famous but it has never been used as a data for village research. This study reveals the following facts:1. Jeongneung-ri, a village located on the entrance road to Seoul, was occupied by the North Korean People's Army from the beginning of the Korean War. Not only Miari Gogae(ridge) but also Mt. Bukhansan became the route of the North Korean People's Army. And the Gyeongshin School's building which had been relocated on Jeongneung-ri became the garrison of the North Korean People's Army. 2. As soon as the People's Republic of Korea occupied the village, it exercised its control over the village. It was the system of mobilization and control of residents called 'Donghoe' and 'Aegukban' which had been established during the Japanese colonial period, that ensured the efficiency of such rule. 3. The occupation of the People's Republic changed the ideological landscape of the village. The People's Republic reorganized the power of the village with its cooperatives in the village. They led the promotion to become the people of the People's Republic. And the enlistment of the volunteer army was compulsory. 4. Under the occupation of the People's Republic, it was the food problem that had an important influence on the public sentiment of the village. The residents' obedience to the policies of the People's Republic was not only due to their fear and false information, but also due to the expectation of the residents that the People's Republic would solve the food problem well. However, the People's Republic failed to solve the food problem and the food crisis became an important factor for the residents of Jeongneung-ri to feel disappointed in the People's Republic. 5. The recapture of the village created a new ideological conflict in the village community. The residents who had not fled and remained were treated as potential 'reds', and a small number of 'Namhapa' residents who had fled and returned with the government became the most moral group in the village. The war experience of the residents of Jeongneung-ri tells important details about social changes during the Korean War. First, the war changed the composition of the residents of Jeongneung-ri. Second, the war transformed the village into a field of struggle against communism. Third, the war experience caused the residents to be extremely cynical about government.