영국의 반사회적행동금지명령(ASBO)에 관한 고찰
A Study of Anti-Social Behaviour Order(ASBO) in UK
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초록
ASBO는 「소년범죄로 연결되는 원인(반사회적 행동(Anti-SocialBehaviour))」에 대한 보다 적극적인 개입정책을 실시함으로써 장래의 중대한 범죄로 연결되는 것을 억지하고자 하는 정책이다. 즉,일상생활에서 주민들이 범죄피해에 대해 불안감을 느끼는 범죄의전단계(pre-criminal)의 행위에 대해서 적극적으로 대처하고자 하는정책이다. 이러한 ASBO정책은 1980년대 말부터 대두된 지역안전(community safety)이라는 당시의 사회분위기와 결합하여 소년범죄정책의 전면에 등장하였다. 범죄(비행)에 접촉한 시기가 빠를수록 상대적으로 고착화된 범죄자가 될 가능성이 높으며1) 성인범죄자로 전이될 가능성이 높다는연구결과2) 등은 ASBO정책을 매우 효과적인 정책으로 평가하는 단서가 되고 있으며, 「소년비행은 경미한 행위에서 보다 중대한 행위로 발전하며」,「경미한 비행의 조기발견이 보다 중대한 비행을억지한다」는 논리에 따라 소년이 비행행동을 시작한 시점에서 그것이 아무리 경미한 행위라고 하여도 명확한 감독과 감시, 그리고경우에 따라서는 엄격한 조치를 취하는 것이 중대한 소년범죄를 감소시킴과 동시에 소년의 건전육성에도 기여한다는 논거3)도 ASBO정책을 지탱하는 근거가 될 수 있다.
Abstract
An anti-social behaviour order (ASBO) is a civil order madein the United Kingdom against a person who has been shown,on the balance of evidence, to have engaged in anti-socialbehaviour. The orders, introduced by Prime Minister Tony Blairin 1998, were designed to correct minor incidents that would notordinarily warrant criminal prosecution. The orders restrictbehaviour in some way, by prohibiting a return to a certain areaor shop, or by restricting public behaviour such as swearing ordrinking alcohol. ASBO were introduced in England, Scotland and Wales by theCrime and Disorder Act 1998. Later legislation strengthened itsapplication: in England and Wales this has largely been via theAnti-social Behaviour Act 2003, in Northern Ireland through anOrder in Council and in Scotland with the Antisocial and SexualBehaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004. An Anti-Social Behaviour Order is an Order of the Courtwhich tells an individual over 10 years old how they must notbehave. An ASBO is very similar to a civil injunction even though thedifferences are important. First, the injunction is supposed toprotect the world at large, in a given geographical area, rather than an individual. Second, breach of an ASBO is a criminaloffence to be tried in a criminal court applying the criminalstandard of beyond all reasonable doubt. A power of committalto prison is available for breach of a civil injunction but a courtis unlikely to exercise that power. A person subject to ananti-social behaviour order where it does not follow a criminalconviction has an automatic right of appeal against both themaking of the order and its terms to a higher court. There isalso the availability of an appeal to the High Court by way of"case stated". There is no appeal against the variation of orders,and variation has been used to add extra conditions and toextend the duration of ASBOs. Social Behaviour Order(ASBO) in the UK, presenting the rightdirection in the Juvenile delinquency prevention policies in Korea.
참고문헌 (29)
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