東洋武藝에 보이는 段級制度와 品階制度에 관한 연구

Abstract

It is interpreted that the practice system(or training system) in the oriental martial arts is an endeavor to systemize the martial arts by achieving objectification, quantification, and transparency thereof through a special and unique system, called ‘DAN-GUB system’. And, the characteristics of this system can be enumerated as follows: First, it is a matter related to the source of the system. We can't claim that ‘DAN-GUB system’ is found only in the oriental martial arts. In the meantime, however, it's probably safe to say that ‘DAN-GUB system’ has been affected by the class hierarchy system(品階制度, pronounced "Pumgyejedo" in Korean) shown in the oriental martial arts. Second, it is judged that the purpose of utilizing the title system in the oriental martial arts is to maintain internal and implicit system of oriental culture by securing subjectivity which is the characteristics of the oriental culture(martial arts). And the title system can also be understood through congruence in conjunction with ‘DAN-GUB system’ and "Wigigupum" and, furthermore, the title system can be understood through the conformity with the method of education in Confucius culture, such as Jeol, Cha, Tak, Ma (切·磋·琢·磨: literally, Cut, File, Carve, Polish, which means gradual improvement by slow polishing) as well as the method of practice in Buddhist culture, such as Mun, Sa, Su(聞·思·修: hearing, thinking, and practicing of Buddha's teaching). Third, in fencing, the title system is also used. The title system that is currently used only in the fencing has been well appreciated as a good system that complements the problems of DAN-GUB system. Therefore, it can be said that the title system has a use value in other martial arts organization as well. Fourth, 'Pum' system in Taekwondo is not related to the traditional class hierarchy system. Meanwhile, however, it has been used as for the method to separate adults from youths. It is judged that it would be more correct if it is understood as the same concept of the juvenile grade system in Judo and Hapkido. Lastly, it can be said that to make the practice system(training system) of oriental martial arts objectified, quantified, and transparent is a good example to show the changes ranging from ideational dimension to practical culture. However, a phenomenon of vanishing the characteristics that is owned only by the oriental martial arts is an issue to think over by martial arts masters.