Plasma Metabolomics Indicates Potential Biomarkers and Abnormal Metabolic Pathways in Female Melasma Patients
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Background: Melasma is a common and chronic pigmentar y disorder with complex pathogen- esis, and the relationship between melasma and metabolic syndrome remains elusive. Thus, metabolomics might contribute to the early detection of potential metabolic abnormalities in individuals with melasma. Objective: The present study aims to analyze changes in plasma metabolites of female melasma patients and identif y disease markers as well as explore potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Plasma samples from 20 female patients with melasma and 21 healthy female con- trols that were comparable in terms of age and body mass index were collected for untargeted metabolomics investigations. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrom- etr y was used to analyze metabolites in the plasma. Metabolic pathway analyses were employed to identif y significantly differentially expressed metabolites in melasma patients. Receiver oper- ating characteristic cur ves were constructed, and correlation analyses were performed using the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index and oxidative stress levels. Results: In contrast to healthy subjects, melasma patients showed significant alterations in 125 plasma metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrate-related metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that primar y pathways associated with the development of melasma include tr yptophan metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tr yptophan. Importantly, based on receiver operating characteristic cur ves and correlation analyses, several metabolites were identified as robust biomarkers for melasma. Conclusion: Collectively, this study identified significant changes in plasma metabolites in melasma patients, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of melasma and opening novel therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
Background: Melasma is a common and chronic pigmentar y disorder with complex pathogen- esis, and the relationship between melasma and metabolic syndrome remains elusive. Thus, metabolomics might contribute to the early detection of potential metabolic abnormalities in individuals with melasma. Objective: The present study aims to analyze changes in plasma metabolites of female melasma patients and identif y disease markers as well as explore potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Plasma samples from 20 female patients with melasma and 21 healthy female con- trols that were comparable in terms of age and body mass index were collected for untargeted metabolomics investigations. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrom- etr y was used to analyze metabolites in the plasma. Metabolic pathway analyses were employed to identif y significantly differentially expressed metabolites in melasma patients. Receiver oper- ating characteristic cur ves were constructed, and correlation analyses were performed using the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index and oxidative stress levels. Results: In contrast to healthy subjects, melasma patients showed significant alterations in 125 plasma metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrate-related metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that primar y pathways associated with the development of melasma include tr yptophan metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tr yptophan. Importantly, based on receiver operating characteristic cur ves and correlation analyses, several metabolites were identified as robust biomarkers for melasma. Conclusion: Collectively, this study identified significant changes in plasma metabolites in melasma patients, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of melasma and opening novel therapeutic avenues.
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