税收、宪政与法治: 以环境污染的治理为例
Taxation, Constitution and Rule of Law: a Case Research on the Regulation of Environmental Pollution in China
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초록
在中国,污染基本上是政府(尤其是地方政府)允许和支持的污染,污染演变为一种特殊的税。因而,污染的治理,同样必须以强化政府的治污责任为中心。然而,中央政府虽然提出了堪称激进的治理目标,由于无法有效地掌握与污染相关的信息,从而也无法有效地制定未达到减排目标的惩罚措施,这也意味着地方政府减排将缺乏足够的激励。在这个意义上可以说,污染治理将无法达到设定的目标。根本的解决办法是,地方政府获得独立的征税权,并且受制于当地民意的约束,而不是中央政府的约束。
Abstract
This paper, citing environmental pollution as an example, discusses whether the problem of discriminatory treatment of disadvantaged groups, under the current system, can be solved. This paper concludes that, as long as the people have no voice in the decision-making of public goods system, discriminatory treatment of disadvantaged groups will continue as before. At the same time, the same treatment required by rule of law is impossible to achieve at all. We can also conclude that the required purpose in environmental pollution by state council, that is, to decrease 20 per cent in energy consumption in 5 years, can only be achieved in the price of low growth in economic development.
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