‘스마트 국가 (Smart Nation)’ 상상하기와 ‘사회적 가속’ 싱가포르 ‘도시 캄풍 (Urban Kampung)’을 중심으로
‘Smart Nation’ and ‘Social Acceleration’: Imagining ‘Urban Kampung’ in Singapore
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본 논문은 ‘스마트함 (smartness)’의 구현과 ‘기술의 가속’, ‘사회 변화의 가속’, ‘생활 속도의 가속’으로 구성되는 ‘사회적 가속’에 대하여 논하고자 한다. 구체적으로 싱가포르의 국가정책 비전인 ‘스마트 국가’ (Smart Nation)’와 ‘스마트 국가’ 구현을 위한 사업 중 하나인 연구 프로젝트, ‘도시 캄풍’ (New Urban Kampung)의 인터뷰 내용을 살펴본다. 싱가포르 공공주택 개발을 책임지고 있는 주택개발청(Housing Development Board)은 인구, 일, 여가, 도시 인프라 등의 현황 데이터를 수집하고 미래를 예측할 수 있는 플랫폼을 만들어 주거 환경 디자인 구상에 활용하고자 한다. 이렇게 ICT (Information Communication Technology)를 활용한 주거 환경 디자인을 모색하기 위해 실행된 연구가 ‘도시 캄풍’이다. 주택개발청 주도하에 민간 주체들(대학, 기업 연구소)이 협업하여 이 연구 프로젝트를 진행하였고 저자는 2017년부터 2019년까지 참여하였다. ‘도시 캄풍’은 큰 틀에서는 싱가포르 정부가 추진 중인 ‘스마트 국가’의 도시 환경 부분에 속하며 전 세계적으로 논의되고 있는 ‘스마트 도시 (smart city)’의 싱가포르식 해석 및 구현 방향이라고 볼 수 있다. ‘도시 캄풍’의 연구 결과는 향후 공공주택디자인 연구에 직간접적으로 이용될 예정이다. 따라서 본 논문은 완결된 연구 결과의 적용 사례를 살펴보는 것이 아니라 연구 진행 과정에서 도출된 시사점을 논의하는 것을 목표로 한다. 구체적으로 본 논문은 첫째 싱가포르 공공주택이 왜 싱가포르적 삶의 방식이 결정되는 핵심 장소인지 살펴본다. 둘째 ‘도시 캄풍’의 상위 비전인 ‘스마트 국가’의 주요 내용이 무엇인지 검토한다. 셋째 공공주택단지에서 실시된 인터뷰 내용에서 드러난 ‘가속적 시간’의 경험을 논의하고 이 경험이 ‘도시 캄풍’과 ‘스마트 국가’의 상상과 구현에 어떠한 방향성을 제시하는지 살펴본다.
Abstract
This paper discusses the significance of ‘social acceleration’ in imagining ‘smartness’ by examining the Singapore governmental vision, ‘Smart Nation’ and its subsidiary research project ‘New Urban Kampung’. The Housing Development Board has planned to collect the data about population, work, leisure, and urban infrastructures to create a platform to be used for public housing design. The Board, together with the private sectors comprising of university-affiliated research centers and enterprise R&D organizations, has conducted a research project, ‘New Urban Kampung’ to utilize ICT (Information Communication Technology) for designing public housing. The project is a part of the ‘Smart Nation’ vision, which has been launched in 2014. It provides a grant narrative to illustrate a Singaporean way to make ‘smart city’. Its outcome will be utilized for future public housing design. The author participated in the project between 2017 and 2019. This article thus aims to discuss important implications induced during the study rather than examine the feasibility of particular policies. Specifically, the author discusses first why public housing estates are regarded as a crucial place to reproduce a Singaporean way of life; second, the content of ‘Smart Vision’; third, the experience of ‘accelerating time’ drawn from the interviews with public housing estates residents. The paper puts forward the notion of time, which has been rarely discussed in the smart discourses. Thereby it explores the Singaporean responses and challenges to cope with post-growth society.
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