유식·법상교학에 대한 종밀의 이해

Abstract

This paper is to study Tsungmi’s assessment of Consciousness –Only Doctrine in terms of classification of teachings and his doctrinal interpretation of the theory. As a result, we will ascertain Late Huayan School’s understanding of and response to Conscious- ness-Only Doctrine. In the process, the followings are revealed. Tsungmi brought Xuanzang’s sect of Conscious- ness-Only Doctrine into a direct question and made the lowest assessment of it among Mahāyāna Buddhism from the perspective of classification of teachings. That is, he divided Mahāyāna Buddhism into two categories, Intial Teaching on lakșaņa and Initial Teaching on sūnyatā, and categorized Consciousness-Only Doctrine as the former. In addition, he reorganized doctrinal classifications of teachings into Initial Teaching on sūnyatā, Faxiang teaching, and Poxiang teaching, and put Consciousness- Only Doctrine to the lowest level, namely, Faxiang teaching. According to Tsungmi, the Consciousness-Only Doctrine has a theoretical limitation that it does not presuppose our understanding of tathatā and dharmatā. The doctrine itself can be criticized, but may be understood as part of Faxing teaching if positively interpreted. It can be confirmed that there are disagreements between Early Huayan School including Fazang and Tsungmi over Initial Teaching of Mahāyāna Buddhism and Consciousness-Only Doctrine.