마음챙김 척도 비교고찰
Mindfulness Assessment Scales: A Critical Review
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초록
마음챙김의 효과를 검증한 연구들이 누적되면서 마음챙김을 측정하는 척도들도 꾸준히 개발되고 있다. 현재까지 개발된 마음챙김 관련 척도는 국내․외 포함하여 대략 20개 정도다. 본 연구에서는 성인을 대상으로 마음챙김을 측정하는 국내․외 마음챙김 척도 16개를 중심으로 다음의 과정을 살펴보았다. 가장 먼저 각 척도들의 마음챙김 구성개념과 구성요인, 그리고 구성개념의 근거가 되는 이론적 배경을 살펴보았다. 그 다음 각 척도의 내적 합치도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 전체 설명변량과 같은 통계적 특성을 비교했다. 세 번째 단계로 척도의 특징, 분석 방법, 표본, 조사 방법, 측정가능 대상을 척도별로 세부적으로 비교하여 척도 간의 차이점과 유사점을 정리했다. 네 번째 단계는 각 척도를 사용할 때 연구자가 고려해야할 사항을 자세히 기술했다. 그리고 마지막 단계에서는 16개 척도에서의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 마음챙김 척도의 개발 방향을 특징, 분석 방법, 표본, 조사 방법 및 측정가능 대상으로 세분화하여 제언했다. 끝으로 논의에서는 척도들의 사용빈도 및 인용지수의 소개와 함께 연구 특성에 따라 사용할 수 있는 척도들을 소개했다. 그리고 결과 해석 시 고려할 점과 마음챙김의 ‘특수한 주의’ 측정의 필요성에 대해서도 논의했다. 16개의 마음챙김 척도들을 소개하고 다양한 측면에서 비교하는 본 연구는 마음챙김을 연구하는 연구자들 및 잠재적 연구자들에게 객관적인 정보 제공과 함께 새로운 마음챙김 척도의 개발을 위한 방향성을 제시해 줄 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
As studies examining the effects of mindfulness expand, new scales that measure mindfulness have also been frequently developed. Nowadays, there are approximately 20 mindfulness scales. In this study, we examined 16 Korean and English scales that assess mindfulness in adults. We began by examining the concept of mindfulness, its components, and the theoretical background of each aspect measured. The psychometric properties of the scales were then compared, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and total explanatory variation. Next, we compared in detail the characteristic used by each scale (i.e., state or trait), as well as their methods of analysis, samples, survey methods, and measurable objects. During the fourth step, we described in detail what should be considered when using each scale. In the last step, we suggest the development of a new mindfulness scale that could remedy the limitations of the 16 scales evaluated in the following areas: characteristic, analysis method, sample, survey method, and measurable object. Lastly, implications and future directions are discussed.
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