唐末 藩鎭의 대외 문서로서의 ｢檄黃巢書｣ 試論 ― 未發信 가능성 검토를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This study investigates the document-dispatch system of late Tang regional military governorates by examining the external transmission of Choe Chiwon’s Proclamation to Huang Chao. Such proclamations served to censure a rebel’s misdeeds, urge surrender, and justify the campaign to a broader public. Choe’s text—presented as Gao Pian’s admonition to Huang Chao while stressing the court’s willingness to accept his submission—fits this standard type. Choe’s literary prestige, celebrated since the Goryeo period, rested in part on the belief that he achieved fame in China. Yi Kyubo particularly esteemed the “Proclamation to Huang Chao” and criticized the New Book of Tang for omitting Choe’s biography despite listing the Gyeweon pilgyeongjip in its bibliographical section. Yet no Chinese source mentions the proclamation, a silence that weakens Yi’s criticism—especially since the New Book of Tang offers favorable assessments of other Silla figures such as Jang Bogo. Other records likewise provide no evidence that the proclamation circulated in China. To clarify this discrepancy, the study examines Choe’s position as dutong shunguan and the role of staff officers in drafting governorate documents. While Choe held a distinguished shunguan post, the chief secretary(長書記) exercised ultimate authority over drafting, making it unlikely that Choe served as principal writer despite his contributions. This context also illuminates the conflicting accounts concerning letters sent to Emperor Xizong during the Huang Chao rebellion. Contemporary sources report that Gao Pian submitted a harsh memorial through Gu Yun, whereas the version preserved in the Gyeweon pilgyeongjip adopts a conciliatory tone. Although Seo Yu-gu suggested that Chinese sources relied on faulty records, it is improbable that multiple texts shared the same error. A more plausible explanation is that Choe’s draft was rejected in favor of Gu Yun’s more confrontational version, which Gao Pian ultimately dispatched. Viewed from this perspective, the absence of evidence for the wider circulation of the “Proclamation to Huang Chao” becomes understandable.